River Water Sharing

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MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER Resources

 

The Central Government shall, on and from the appointed day, constitute an Apex Council for the supervision of the functioning of the Godavari River Management Board and Krishna River Management Board.

 

The Apex Council shall consist of:

(a) Minister of Water Resources, Government of India—Chairperson

(b) Chief Minister of State of Andhra Pradesh—Member

(c) Chief Minister of State of Telangana—Member.

 

The functions of the Apex Council shall include––

(i) supervision of the functioning of the Godavari River Management Board and Krishna River Management Board.

(ii) planning and approval of proposals for construction of new projects, if any, based on Godavari or Krishna river water, after getting the proposal appraised and recommended by the River Management Boards and by the Central Water Commission, wherever required;

(iii) resolution of any dispute amicably arising out of the sharing of river waters through negotiations and mutual agreement between the successor States;

(iv) reference of any disputes not covered under Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal, to a Tribunal to be constituted under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.

 

The Central Government shall constitute two separate Boards to be called the Godavari River Management Board and Krishna River Management Board (to be known as the Board), within a period of sixty days from the appointed day, for the administration, regulation, maintenance and operation of such projects, as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time.

The headquarters of Godavari River Management Board shall be located in the successor State of Telangana and of the Krishna River Management Board shall be located in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh.

 

The Godavari River Management Board and Krishna River Management Board shall be autonomous bodies under the administrative control of the Central Government, and shall comply with such directions as may, from time to time, be given to them by the Central Government.

 

(4) Each Board shall consist of the following Chairperson and Members, namely:––

(a) a Chairperson not below the rank or level of Secretary or Additional Secretary to the Government of India to be appointed by the Central Government

(b) two members, to be nominated by each of the successor States, of which one shall be the technical member not below the rank of Chief Engineer and the other administrative member to represent the concerned States.

(c) one expert to be nominated by the Central Government.

 

(5) Each Board shall have a full-time Member Secretary, not below the rank of Chief Engineer in the Central Water Commission, to be appointed by the Central Government.

(6) The Central Government shall create such number of posts of the rank of Chief Engineer in the Central Water Commission, as it considers necessary.

(7) Each Board shall be assisted in the day to day management of reservoirs by the Central Industrial Security Force constituted under the Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968, on such terms and conditions as the Central Government may specify.

(8) The functions of each Board shall include––

(a) the regulation of supply of water from the projects to the successor States having regard to––

(i) Awards granted by the Tribunals constituted under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956;

(ii) any agreement entered into or arrangement made covering the Government of existing State of Andhra Pradesh and any other State or Union territory;

(b) the regulation of supply of power generated to the authority in-charge of the distribution of power having regard to any agreement entered into or arrangement made covering the Government of the existing State of Andhra Pradesh and any other State or Union territory;

(c) the construction of such of the remaining on-going or new works connected with the development of the water resources projects relating to the rivers or their tributaries through the successor States as the Central Government may specify by notification in the Official Gazette;

(d) making an appraisal of any proposal for construction of new projects on Godavari or Krishna rivers and giving technical clearance, after satisfying that such projects do not negatively impact the availability of water as per the awards of the Tribunals constituted under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 for the projects already completed or taken up before the appointed day; and

(e) such other functions as the Central Government may entrust to it on the basis of the principles specified in the Eleventh Schedule.

 

The Board shall employ such staff as it may consider necessary for the efficient discharge of its functions under this Act and such staff shall, at the first instance, be appointed on deputation from the successor States in equal proportion and absorbed permanently in the Board.

(2) The Government of the successor States shall at all times provide the necessary funds to the Board to meet all expenses (including the salaries and allowances of the staff) required for the discharge of its functions and such amounts shall be apportioned between the States concerned in such proportion as the Central Government may, having regard to the benefits to each of the said States, specify.

(3) The Board may delegate such of its powers, functions and duties as it may deem fit to the Chairman of the said Board or to any officer subordinate to the Board.

(4) The Central Government may, for the purpose of enabling the Board to function efficiently, issue such directions to the State Governments concerned, or any other authority, and the State Governments, or the other authority, shall comply with such directions.

 

The Board shall ordinarily exercise jurisdiction on Godavari and Krishna rivers in regard to any of the projects over headworks (barrages, Dams, reservoirs, regulating structures), part of canal Network and transmission lines necessary to deliver water or power to the States concerned, as may be notified by the Central Government, having regard to the awards, if any, made by the Tribunals constituted under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.

(2) If any question arises as to whether the Board has jurisdiction under sub-section (1) over any project referred thereto, the same shall be referred to the Central Government for decision thereon.

 

The Board may make regulations consistent with the Act and the rules made thereunder, to provide for—

(a) regulating the time and place of meetings of the Board and the procedure to be followed for the transaction of business at such meetings;

(b) delegation of powers and duties of the Chairman or any officer of the Board;

(c) the appointment and regulation of the conditions of service of the officers and other staff of the Board;

(d) any other matter for which regulations are considered necessary by the Board.

 

The term of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal shall be extended with the following terms of reference, namely:––

(a) shall make project-wise specific allocation, if such allocation have not been made by a Tribunal constituted under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956;

(b) shall determine an operational protocol for project-wise release of water in the event of deficit flows.

 

The Polavaram Irrigation Project is hereby declared to be a national project.

  1. It is hereby declared that it is expedient in the public interest that the Union should take under its control the regulation and development of the Polavaram Irrigation Project for the purposes of irrigation.
  2. The Consent for Polavaram Irrigation Project shall be deemed to have been given by the successor State of Telangana.
  3. The Central Government shall execute the project and obtain all requisite clearances including environmental, forests, and rehabilitation and resettlement norms.

 

The Governments of the successor States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana shall replace the existing State of Andhra Pradesh on the Tungabhadra Board.

The Tungabhadra Board shall continue to monitor the release of water to High Level Canal, Low Level Canal and Rajolibanda Diversion Scheme

 

Principles governing the functioning of the River Management Boards.

1. The operation protocol notified by the Ministry of Water Resources with respect to water resources arrived at based on appropriate dependability criteria after the adjudication by the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal shall be binding on both the successor States.

2. In the event of conflicting demand of water for irrigation and power, the requirement of water for irrigation shall take precedence.

3. In the event of conflicting demand of water for irrigation and drinking water, the requirement of water for drinking water purpose shall take precedence.

4. The allocations made by the River Water Tribunals with regard to various projects on Godavari and Krishna Rivers or for the regions of the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, in respect of assured water shall remain the same.

5. Allocations, if any, to be made on excess flows by any Tribunal in future shall be binding on both the State of Telangana and the successor State of Andhra Pradesh.

6. While the successor State Governments shall be responsible for managing natural calamities, the Boards shall advise the two State Governments on the management of disaster or drought or flood in the rivers of Krishna and Godavari, particularly in reference to the release of water for the management and mitigation of the natural calamities. The Boards shall have the full authority to get their orders implemented by the two successor State Governments promptly and effectively in respect of operation of the head works of the dams, reservoirs or head works of canals and works appurtenant thereto including the hydel power projects, as notified by the Central Government, on Krishna and Godavari Rivers.

7. No new projects based on water resources arrived at based on appropriate dependability criteria on Godavari or Krishna rivers can be taken up by the State of Telangana or the State of Andhra Pradesh without obtaining sanction from the Apex Council on River water resources. All such proposals shall be first appraised and technically cleared by the respective Board, before sanction by the said Apex Council.

8. Execution of ongoing projects and future new projects on Godavari and Krishna rivers shall be the responsibility of the State Government concerned where the project is located.

9. In case of non-implementation of the decision by either of the States, the defaulting State shall bear the responsibility and shall face financial and other penalties imposed by the Central Government.

10. The following irrigation projects which are under construction shall be completed as per the plan notified by the existing State of Andhra Pradesh and the water sharing arrangement shall continue as such:—

(i) Handri Niva

(ii) Telugu Ganga

(iii) Galeru Nagiri

(iv) Venegondu

(v) Kalvakurthi

(vi) Nettempadu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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Water is a precious resource that is essential for life. It is used for drinking, bathing, cooking, and growing crops. However, water is also a finite resource, and it is becoming increasingly scarce due to Population Growth, Climate change, and pollution.

Water sharing agreements are agreements between countries or states that share a water resource. These agreements can help to ensure that all parties have access to the water they need. International water law is a body of law that governs the use of water resources between countries. This law helps to resolve disputes over water and to ensure that water is used in a sustainable way.

Water conflict resolution is the process of resolving disputes over water. This can be done through negotiation, mediation, or arbitration. Water management is the process of planning, developing, and operating water resources. This includes activities such as water conservation, water efficiency, and water pricing.

Water conservation is the practice of using water wisely. This can be done by reducing water use, recycling water, and using water-efficient appliances. Water efficiency is the use of water in a way that minimizes waste. This can be done by using water-efficient fixtures and appliances, and by fixing leaks.

Water pricing is the process of setting prices for water. This can be done by governments, utilities, or private companies. Water rights are the legal rights to use water. These rights can be held by individuals, businesses, or governments.

Water allocation is the process of dividing water resources among different users. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as first-come, first-served, or auction. Watershed Management is the process of managing the land and water resources in a watershed. This includes activities such as flood control, erosion control, and water quality protection.

Watershed restoration is the process of restoring a watershed to its natural condition. This can be done by removing invasive species, planting native Plants, and restoring wetlands. Watershed protection is the process of protecting a watershed from damage. This can be done by zoning laws, land conservation, and pollution control.

Watershed planning is the process of developing a plan for managing a watershed. This plan should identify the watershed’s resources, problems, and goals. Watershed monitoring is the process of collecting data on a watershed. This data can be used to track changes in the watershed and to evaluate the effectiveness of watershed management practices.

Watershed research is the process of studying watersheds. This research can help to improve our understanding of watersheds and to develop better watershed management practices. Watershed Education is the process of teaching people about watersheds. This education can help people to understand the importance of watersheds and to take steps to protect them.

Watershed advocacy is the process of speaking out in support of watersheds. This advocacy can help to raise awareness of watershed issues and to influence public policy. Watershed restoration projects are projects that are designed to restore a watershed to its natural condition. These projects can include removing invasive species, planting native plants, and restoring wetlands.

Watershed protection projects are projects that are designed to protect a watershed from damage. These projects can include zoning laws, land conservation, and pollution control. Watershed planning projects are projects that are designed to develop a plan for managing a watershed. These plans should identify the watershed’s resources, problems, and goals.

Watershed monitoring projects are projects that are designed to collect data on a watershed. This data can be used to track changes in the watershed and to evaluate the effectiveness of watershed management practices. Watershed research projects are projects that are designed to study watersheds. This research can help to improve our understanding of watersheds and to develop better watershed management practices.

Watershed education projects are projects that are designed to teach people about watersheds. This education can help people to understand the importance of watersheds and to take steps to protect them. Watershed advocacy projects are projects that are designed to speak out in support of watersheds. This advocacy can help to raise awareness of watershed issues and to influence public policy.

Water is a precious resource that we must all work to protect. By understanding the issues and taking action, we can ensure that water is available for future generations.

What is the difference between a river and a stream?

A river is a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another river. A stream is a small river or a natural watercourse smaller than a river.

What are the different types of rivers?

There are many different types of rivers, but some of the most common include:

What are the benefits of rivers?

Rivers provide many benefits to humans and the Environment, including:

What are the challenges of rivers?

Rivers face many challenges, including:

What can be done to protect rivers?

There are many things that can be done to protect rivers, including:

What is the future of rivers?

The future of rivers depends on the actions we take to protect them. If we continue to pollute and overuse rivers, they will become unhealthy and polluted. However, if we take steps to protect rivers, they can continue to provide us with many benefits for many years to come.

Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic River Water Sharing:

  1. Which of the following is not a factor that affects the distribution of water resources?
    (A) Climate
    (B) Elevation
    (C) Population
    (D) Political boundaries

  2. Which of the following is the largest river in the world?
    (A) The Nile
    (B) The Amazon
    (C) The Yangtze
    (D) The Mississippi

  3. Which of the following is the largest lake in the world?
    (A) The Caspian Sea
    (B) Lake Baikal
    (C) Lake Superior
    (D) Lake Victoria

  4. Which of the following is the largest aquifer in the world?
    (A) The Ogallala Aquifer
    (B) The Guarani Aquifer
    (C) The Artic Aquifer
    (D) The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer

  5. Which of the following is the most common type of Water Pollution?
    (A) Sewage
    (B) Industrial waste
    (C) Agricultural runoff
    (D) Oil spills

  6. Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce water pollution?
    (A) Treat sewage before it is released into waterways
    (B) Require businesses to reduce their use of hazardous chemicals
    (C) Encourage farmers to use less fertilizer and pesticides
    (D) All of the above

  7. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the availability of water for human use?
    (A) The amount of Precipitation that falls in an area
    (B) The rate of Evaporation from an area
    (C) The amount of water that is stored in aquifers and lakes
    (D) The amount of water that is diverted for irrigation and other human uses

  8. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the quality of water for human use?
    (A) The presence of bacteria and viruses
    (B) The presence of chemicals such as pesticides and Fertilizers
    (C) The turbidity of the water
    (D) The temperature of the water

  9. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the sustainability of water resources?
    (A) The rate of Population Growth
    (B) The rate of Economic Development
    (C) The rate of climate change
    (D) All of the above

  10. Which of the following is the most important thing that individuals can do to help conserve water?
    (A) Take shorter showers
    (B) Fix any leaks in your home
    (C) Water your lawn less often
    (D) All of the above

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