Relief and Structure of Orissa

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Orissa, situated on the eastern seaboard of India is one of the gifted parts of the world, where a gamut of mineral Resources exist in bounty. The state is endowed with large reserves of bauxite, chinaclay, chromite, coal, dolomite, fireclay, graphite, gemstones, iron Ore, limestone, manganese ore, mineral sand, nickel ore, pyrophylite and quartz. Recent discovery of diamond in the Dharambandha area of Nuapada district by the State Directorate of Geology has added a coloured feather in the cap of the state.

Other Minerals of the state include copper ore, lead ore, titanium bearing vanadiferous magnetite, talc/ soap stone and high magnesia Igneous Rocks. Recent boom of the mineral Industry has turned the state into a hotspot, with entrepreneurs from all over the world crowding for their share of fortune.

The rich mineral wealth of the state is attributed to its favourable geological setup. Situated on the eastern fringe of the peninsular India, Orissa has about 72.5% of the area occupied by Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks (of Archaean and Proterozoic age) which host the majority of the minerals.

The Gondwanas hosting the coal resources occur over about 8% of the land mass.

The Tertiary and Quaternary formations, occupying rest of the area, provide avenues for aluminous/ nickeliferous laterite and heavy minerals (in beach sand).

The Archaean rocks in northern Orissa include the Supracrustal belts of metasedimentary rocks including Iron Ore Super Group having deposits of iron, manganese, gold and basemetals. These are also represented by the gneisses, granite, migmatite (Singhbhum, Bonai and Mayurbhanj Plutons) and mafic/ ultramafic intrusives. These intrusives are associated with the chromite, titaniferous vanadiferous magnetite and PGM.

The Bastar cratonic complex of Archaean age in the Western Orissa includes gneisses, granite, migmatite and Strontium-Tantalum-Niobium bearing pegmatites.

Proterozoic rocks in the western Orissa exhibit platformal sedimentary formations and associated limestone deposits. In north-western Orissa they contain metasediments of low to medium metamorphic grade classified as the Gangpur Group, which host manganese, limestone and Lead-Zinc deposits.

In central and southern Orissa, the Proterozoics are represented by the Easternghats granulite belt comprising Page 2 of 14 of khondalite, charnockite, migmatite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks accounting for the mineralisation of bauxite, manganese, graphite and gemstones.

The Mesozoic rocks of Gondwana Super Group host the major coal resources of the state.

Formations of Cenozoic age occupy the eastern coastal plains in form of alluvial sediments, ash beds and low level laterite, providing avenues for occurrence of beach sand minerals and building materials. The deltaic fans extending into offshore regions play hosts for oil and gas.

Orissa has a lion’s share of the Country’s mineral reserves. The chromite, nickel, bauxite, iron ore and coal resources of the state respectively stand at a staggering 83, 92, 55, 38 and 26 percent of India’s total reserves. Some of these minerals also account for a visible spot in the world’s mineral map.

Several Mineral Based Industries have already come up in the state. The major ones include Rourkela Steel Plant, Alumina refinery and smelter of Nalco at Damanjodi and Anugul, Charge chrome Plants at Baminipal, Bhadrak, Choudwar and Theruvali by OMC, FACOR, ICCL and IMFA respectively, Mineral sand separation unit at Chhatrapur by IRE.

Many cement and sponge iron plants have been set up. Coal based thermal power plants have been set up at Talcher, Kanihan and Banaharpali. Captive thermal power plants have also been set up by NALCO, RSP, ICCL, INDAL etc. and many more are in the pipeline.

The dynamic State Government of Orissa has left no stone unturned in cashing in on the attention it has been getting from different business houses in recent times.

the visionary Chief Minister with his view on the future development of the state has signed 79 MoUs with various companies to setup mineral based industries with a total proposed Investment of Rs 3,65,327.20 crores, which is supposed to provide value addition to the mineral wealth thereby augmenting EMPLOYMENT and enhancing the economic standard of the public. The huge mineral resources of the state, 480 km long coastal stretch, the liberalised economic policy of Govt. of India, Industrial Policy 2007 and availability of infrastructural support makes the state an investor’s paradise,

Orissa is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Jharkhand to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Andhra Pradesh to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a Population of over 45 million people and a land area of over 155,000 square kilometers. The capital of Orissa is Bhubaneswar.

Orissa is a state with a rich history and culture. The state was home to the ancient Kalinga kingdom, which was conquered by the Mauryan Empire in the 4th century BCE. Orissa was later ruled by a number of dynasties, including the Eastern Ganga dynasty, the Somavamsi dynasty, and the Gajapati dynasty. The state came under British rule in the 18th century and became a part of India in 1947.

Orissa is a state with a diverse landscape. The state is home to the Eastern Ghats mountain range, which runs along the eastern coast of India. The state also has a number of rivers, including the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, and the Baitarani. The state’s Climate is tropical, with a hot and humid summer and a cool and dry winter.

Orissa is a state with a rich natural heritage. The state is home to a number of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including the Simlipal National Park, the Keonjhar Forest Division, and the Satkosia Tiger Reserve. The state is also home to a number of bird sanctuaries, including the Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary and the Nandankanan Zoological park.

Orissa is a state with a rich cultural heritage. The state is home to a number of temples, including the Sun Temple at Konark, the Jagannath Temple at Puri, and the Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar. The state is also home to a number of festivals, including the Rath Yatra, the Dussehra, and the Diwali.

Orissa is a state with a rich economic potential. The state is home to a number of industries, including the steel industry, the mining industry, and the power industry. The state is also home to a number of agricultural products, including rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

Orissa is a state with a bright future. The state is home to a number of talented people and a number of Natural Resources. The state is also home to a number of historical and cultural sites. Orissa is a state that is worth visiting.

Here are some additional facts about Orissa:

  • Orissa is the 11th largest state in India by area.
  • Orissa is the 10th most populous state in India.
  • The Official Language of Orissa is Odia.
  • The capital of Orissa is Bhubaneswar.
  • The major cities of Orissa are Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Rourkela, Sambalpur, and Berhampur.
  • The major rivers of Orissa are the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, the Baitarani, and the Indravati.
  • The major crops of Orissa are rice, wheat, sugarcane, and jute.
  • The major industries of Orissa are the steel industry, the mining industry, and the power industry.
  • The major tourist attractions of Orissa are the Sun Temple at Konark, the Jagannath Temple at Puri, and the Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar.
  • Orissa is a state with a rich history and culture.
  • Orissa is a state with a diverse landscape.
  • Orissa is a state with a rich natural heritage.
  • Orissa is a state with a rich cultural heritage.
  • Orissa is a state with a rich economic potential.
  • Orissa is a state with a bright future.

What is the relief and structure of Orissa?

Orissa is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Jharkhand to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Andhra Pradesh to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a coastline of about 480 kilometers.

Orissa is a mountainous state. The Eastern Ghats run through the state from north to south. The highest peak in Orissa is Deomali, which is 1,672 meters (5,487 feet) high.

The state is also home to several rivers, including the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, and the Baitarani. The Mahanadi is the longest river in Orissa. It is 857 kilometers (532 miles) long.

Orissa has a tropical climate. The Average temperature in the state ranges from 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) in winter to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer.

The state has a population of about 45 million people. The majority of the population is Hindu. The official language of Orissa is Odia.

What are the major geographical features of Orissa?

The major geographical features of Orissa are the Eastern Ghats, the Mahanadi River, and the Bay of Bengal.

The Eastern Ghats are a mountain range that runs through the state from north to south. The highest peak in Orissa is Deomali, which is 1,672 meters (5,487 feet) high.

The Mahanadi is the longest river in Orissa. It is 857 kilometers (532 miles) long. The river originates in the Chhotanagpur Plateau in Jharkhand and flows through Orissa before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

The Bay of Bengal is a large bay that is located on the eastern coast of India. The bay is bordered by India to the west, Bangladesh to the north, Myanmar to the east, and Sri Lanka to the south.

What are the major climate zones of Orissa?

The major climate zones of Orissa are the tropical wet and dry climate, the tropical monsoon climate, and the tropical rainforest climate.

The tropical wet and dry climate is found in the northern part of the state. This climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

The tropical monsoon climate is found in the central and southern parts of the state. This climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters.

The tropical rainforest climate is found in the eastern part of the state. This climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and warm, wet winters.

What are the major natural resources of Orissa?

The major natural resources of Orissa are coal, iron ore, bauxite, chromite, manganese, and limestone.

Coal is the most important natural resource of Orissa. The state has the second largest coal reserves in India.

Iron ore is another important natural resource of Orissa. The state has the third largest iron ore reserves in India.

Bauxite is a mineral that is used to produce aluminum. Orissa has the second largest bauxite reserves in India.

Chromite is a mineral that is used to produce chromium. Orissa has the largest chromite reserves in India.

Manganese is a mineral that is used to produce steel. Orissa has the second largest manganese reserves in India.

Limestone is a mineral that is used to produce cement. Orissa has the third largest limestone reserves in India.

What are the major industries of Orissa?

The major industries of Orissa are mining, steel, aluminum, power, and textiles.

Mining is the most important industry of Orissa. The state has the second largest coal reserves in India and the third largest iron ore reserves in India.

Steel is another important industry of Orissa. The state has two major steel plants, which are located at Rourkela and Bhubaneswar.

Aluminum is a third important industry of Orissa. The state has one major aluminum plant, which is located at Angul.

Power is a fourth important industry of Orissa. The state has several power plants, which are located at Talcher, Hirakud, and Ramagundam.

Textiles is a fifth important industry of Orissa. The state has several textile mills, which are located at Cuttack, Bhubaneswar, and Sambalpur.

  1. The highest peak in Orissa is:
    (A) Deomali
    (B) Mahendragiri
    (C) Rajgir
    (D) Nandankanan

  2. The longest river in Orissa is:
    (A) Mahanadi
    (B) Brahmani
    (C) Baitarani
    (D) Indravati

  3. The capital of Orissa is:
    (A) Bhubaneswar
    (B) Cuttack
    (C) Rourkela
    (D) Sambalpur

  4. The major language spoken in Orissa is:
    (A) Odia
    (B) Hindi
    (C) English
    (D) Bengali

  5. The major religion in Orissa is:
    (A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
    (B) Islam
    (C) Christianity
    (D) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism

  6. The major crops grown in Orissa are:
    (A) Rice
    (B) Wheat
    (C) Sugarcane
    (D) Tea

  7. The major industries in Orissa are:
    (A) Steel
    (B) Mining
    (C) Power
    (D) Tourism

  8. The major tourist attractions in Orissa are:
    (A) Konark Sun Temple
    (B) Jagannath Temple
    (C) Dhauligiri
    (D) all of the above

  9. The major festivals in Orissa are:
    (A) Rath Yatra
    (B) Dussehra
    (C) Diwali
    (D) all of the above

  10. The major Sports played in Orissa are:
    (A) Football
    (B) Cricket
    (C) Hockey
    (D) all of the above

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