Rajasthani Languages

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Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit

Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-

  • Gurjar in western region
  • Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)

 

Gurjar-

  • Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani
  • its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat
  • 1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad
  • In 15th century it evolved to Dingal
  • Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region

 

 

Shaurseni-

  • It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha
  • It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry

Charans:-

  • they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons
  • Khayat- Chronicles
  • Vats- Accounts of past events
  • Vigats-Gazettes

 

Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-

  • Outdated feudal system
  • Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free  discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.
  • Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.
  • Influence of Hindi
  • Growth of Khardi boli

Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –

  • Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration
  • Jain style- Manuscript writing
  • Modiya- Used by Trading class
  • Shasti- Common people language.

 

 

Rajasthani Dialact

 

The Rajasthani languages belong to the Western Indo-Aryan language family. However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census, among other places. The varieties of the Rajasthani language are:[7]

 

  • Rajasthani :the common lingua franca of Rajasthani people and is spoken by over 18 million people in different parts of Rajasthan.

 

  • Marwari: the most spoken Rajasthani in the historic Marwar region of western Rajasthan.

 

  • Malvi: Spoken in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.

 

  • Dhundhari: Spoken speakers in the Dhundhar region of Rajasthan.

 

  • Harauti: Spoken in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.

 

  • Mewari: Spoken in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

 

  • Mewati: Spoken in the Mewat region, comprising Haryana and Rajasthan.

 

  • Shekhawati: Spoken in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.

 

  • Bagri: Spoken in northern Rajasthan and northwestern Haryana. There are also speakers situated in southern Punjab.

 

  • Nimadi: Spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

 

  • Other Rajasthani languages are Dhatki, Godwari, Gujari, Gurgula, Goaria and Lambadi.

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Rajasthani is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the native language of the Rajasthani people, who are estimated to number over 60 million. Rajasthani is a member of the Western Hindi subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages, and is closely related to Hindi, Gujarati, and Punjabi.

There are many different dialects of Rajasthani, each with its own unique features. Some of the most common dialects include Marwari, Dhundari, Jhalawari, Mewati, Pali, Prajapati, Sirohi, Thakurwadi, and Todwi.

Marwari is the most widely spoken dialect of Rajasthani, and is the Official Language of the state of Rajasthan. It is also spoken in the neighboring states of Gujarat, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. Marwari is a tonal language, with three tones: high, low, and falling.

Dhundari is spoken in the northern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Dholpur, Karauli, and Sawai Madhopur. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different word order.

Jhalawari is spoken in the southeastern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Jhalawar, Kota, and Bundi. It is also closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different Sound system.

Mewati is spoken in the northwestern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Bharatpur, Alwar, and Jaipur. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different vocabulary.

Pali is spoken in the western part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Pali, Jodhpur, and Barmer. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different grammar.

Prajapati is spoken in the central part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Jaipur, Dausa, and Tonk. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different writing system.

Sirohi is spoken in the southern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Sirohi, Jalore, and Pali. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different word order.

Thakurwadi is spoken in the eastern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Kota, Bundi, and Jhalawar. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different sound system.

Todwi is spoken in the northeastern part of Rajasthan, in the districts of Udaipur, Chittorgarh, and Banswara. It is a closely related to Marwari, but has some distinct features, such as a different vocabulary.

Rajasthani is a rich and diverse language with a long and complex history. It is the language of a proud and independent people, and is a vital part of the cultural heritage of India.

Here are some additional facts about Rajasthani:

  • Rajasthani is the 12th most spoken language in India, with over 60 million speakers.
  • Rajasthani is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family, and is closely related to Hindi, Gujarati, and Punjabi.
  • There are many different dialects of Rajasthani, each with its own unique features.
  • Marwari is the most widely spoken dialect of Rajasthani, and is the official language of the state of Rajasthan.
  • Rajasthani is a tonal language, with three tones: high, low, and falling.
  • Rajasthani is a rich and diverse language with a long and complex history.
  • Rajasthani is the language of a proud and independent people, and is a vital part of the cultural heritage of India.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Rajasthani languages:

  • What are the different Rajasthani languages?

The main Rajasthani languages are Marwari, Mewari, and Dhundari.

  • What are the characteristics of Rajasthani languages?

Rajasthani languages are Indo-Aryan languages that are spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. They are characterized by their use of retroflex consonants, their complex verb system, and their use of a variety of tones.

  • What is the history of Rajasthani languages?

The history of Rajasthani languages is long and complex. The earliest Rajasthani languages are thought to have developed from Prakrit languages in the 7th century CE. These languages were influenced by Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian over time.

  • What is the role of Rajasthani languages in Society?

Rajasthani languages play an important role in Rajasthani society. They are used in everyday Communication, in literature, and in music.

  • What is the future of Rajasthani languages?

The future of Rajasthani languages is uncertain. They are facing competition from Hindi and English, and they are not widely spoken outside of Rajasthan. However, there is a growing movement to promote Rajasthani languages, and they are likely to continue to be used in Rajasthan for many years to come.

  • What are some challenges facing Rajasthani languages?

Some challenges facing Rajasthani languages include:

  • Competition from Hindi and English
  • Lack of standardization
  • Low Literacy rates

  • Lack of government support

  • What are some ways to promote Rajasthani languages?

Some ways to promote Rajasthani languages include:

  • Standardizing the languages
  • Increasing literacy rates
  • Promoting the use of Rajasthani languages in Education and government

  • Creating more Resources for Learning Rajasthani languages

  • What are some resources for learning Rajasthani languages?

Some resources for learning Rajasthani languages include:

  • Textbooks
  • Dictionaries
  • Audio courses
  • Online courses

  • Language exchange programs

  • What are some ways to support Rajasthani languages?

Some ways to support Rajasthani languages include:

  • Learning the languages
  • Using the languages in everyday life
  • Promoting the use of the languages in education and government
  • Supporting organizations that promote Rajasthani languages

Sure, here are some MCQs on the following topics:

  • The History of the world

  • Which of the following is not a major historical era?
    (A) The Stone Age
    (B) The Bronze Age
    (C) The Iron Age
    (D) The Age of Aquarius

  • Which of the following is not a major historical event?
    (A) The fall of the Roman Empire
    (B) The Renaissance
    (C) The Industrial revolution
    (D) The invention of the wheel

  • Which of the following is not a major historical figure?
    (A) Alexander the Great
    (B) Julius Caesar
    (C) Napoleon Bonaparte
    (D) Jesus Christ

  • The human body

  • Which of the following is not a major organ system in the human body?
    (A) The Digestive System
    (B) The Circulatory System
    (C) The nervous system
    (D) The skeletal system

  • Which of the following is not a major bone in the human body?
    (A) The skull
    (B) The spine
    (C) The ribs
    (D) The femur

  • Which of the following is not a major muscle in the human body?
    (A) The heart
    (B) The lungs
    (C) The stomach
    (D) The biceps

  • The Solar System

  • Which of the following is not a planet in our solar system?
    (A) Mercury
    (B) Venus
    (C) Earth
    (D) Pluto

  • Which of the following is not a moon of Jupiter?
    (A) Io
    (B) Europa
    (C) Ganymede
    (D) Saturn

  • Which of the following is not a star in our solar system?
    (A) The Sun
    (B) The Moon
    (C) Venus
    (D) Mars

  • The universe

  • Which of the following is not a major type of galaxy?
    (A) Spiral galaxies
    (B) Elliptical galaxies
    (C) Irregular galaxies
    (D) The Milky Way

  • Which of the following is not a major force in the universe?
    (A) Gravity
    (B) Electromagnetism
    (C) The strong nuclear force
    (D) The weak nuclear force

  • Which of the following is not a major particle in the universe?
    (A) Protons
    (B) Neutrons
    (C) Electrons
    (D) Quarks

I hope these MCQs were helpful!

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