Rajasthani Languages & Literature

Rajasthani Languages

Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit
Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-

 Gurjar in western region

 Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)

Gurjar-

 Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani

 its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat

 1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad

 In 15th century it evolved to Dingal

 Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region

Shaurseni-

 It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha

 It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry

Charans:-

 they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons

 Khayat- Chronicles

 Vats- Accounts of past events

 Vigats-Gazettes

Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-

 Outdated feudal system

 Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.

 Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.

 Influence of Hindi

 Growth of Khardi boli

Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –

 Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration

 Jain style- Manuscript writing

 Modiya- Used by Trading class

 Shasti- Common people language.

Rajasthani Dialact

The Rajasthani languages belong to the Western Indo-Aryan language family. However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census, among other places. The varieties of the Rajasthani language are:

Rajasthani :the common lingua franca of Rajasthani people and is spoken by over 18 million people in different parts of Rajasthan.

Marwari: the most spoken Rajasthani in the historic Marwar region of western Rajasthan.

Malvi: Spoken in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.

Dhundhari: Spoken speakers in the Dhundhar region of Rajasthan.

Harauti: Spoken in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.

Mewari: Spoken in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

Mewati: Spoken in the Mewat region, comprising Haryana and Rajasthan.

Shekhawati: Spoken in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.

Bagri: Spoken in northern Rajasthan and northwestern Haryana. There are also speakers situated in southern Punjab.

Nimadi: Spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Other Rajasthani languages are Dhatki, Godwari, Gujari, Gurgula, Goaria and Lambadi.

Rajasthani Literature

Rajasthani literature written in various genres starting from 1000 AD. But, it is generally agreed that modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Surajmal Misrana.His most important works are the Vansa Bhaskara and the Vir Satsai. The Vans Bhaskar contains accounts of the Rajput princes who ruled in what was then Rajputana The Vir Satsai is a collection of hundreds of couplets.Medieval Rajasthani literature is mostly poetry only and it is more about the heroic poetry mentioning of the great kings and fighters of the Rajasthan. Early Rajasthani literature is created by mostly Jain saints. Earlier Rajasthani was known as Maru Gurjar (or dingal), which was close to Gujarati.

Rajasthani Literature can be classified into three categories, which are as follows:-

Sanskrit and Prakrit
Rajasthani
Hindi

Sanskrit and Prakrit

Major literature of Sanskrit and prakrit developed in Rajasthan are as follows:-

 Shishupal Vadh by poet Magh

 Samaraichcha Katha by Hari Bhadra Suri

 Kuvalaya Mala by Udyotan Suri

 Upmiti Bharva Prancha Katha by Sidhi Rishi

 Harkaili by Vigrah Raj Chauhan IV of Ajmer

 Prithvi Raj Vijay by Prithvi Raj Chauhan

 Geet Goving and Sangeet Raj by Jai deva

 Charan Literature

Rajasthani

Major literature of Rajasthani developed in Rajasthan are classified into three styles which are as follows:-

Jain- such as Prithvi Raj charit by Manak Chandra
Dingal or Charan- like Prithvi Raj Raso by Chand Bardai, Rao Jaitasirau Chhanda by Vithu Sujo Nagarjota.
Popular- like Veli Krishna Rukmani by Prithvi raj Rathore, Vansh Bhaskar by Surya Mal, Songs of Meera Bai, Khayal which are dance drama’s

Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60 million people in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is also spoken in parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthani is a member of the Western Hindi group of languages, and is closely related to Marwari, Mewari, and Bhili.

Rajasthani literature has a long and rich history. The earliest known Rajasthani literature dates back to the 10th century. The most famous Rajasthani poet is Mirabai, who lived in the 16th century. Mirabai was a Vaishnava saint who wrote devotional poetry in Rajasthani. Her poetry is still widely read and sung today.

Rajasthani folk songs are another important part of Rajasthani culture. Rajasthani folk songs are often sung at weddings, festivals, and other social gatherings. They are usually about love, loss, and the beauty of the Rajasthani landscape.

Rajasthani folktales are also popular in Rajasthan. Rajasthani folktales often feature animals, such as the jackal and the fox. They often teach moral lessons about the importance of honesty, courage, and kindness.

Rajasthani proverbs and sayings are another important part of Rajasthani culture. Rajasthani proverbs and sayings are often used to express wisdom, humor, and common sense. They are often passed down from generation to generation.

Rajasthani culture is a rich and diverse culture. It is a culture that is shaped by the history, geography, and people of Rajasthan. Rajasthani culture is a culture that is proud of its heritage and traditions.

Rajasthani history is a long and complex history. The history of Rajasthan can be traced back to the 6th century BC. The first major kingdom in Rajasthan was the Pratihara dynasty. The Pratihara dynasty ruled over Rajasthan from the 7th century to the 11th century. The Pratihara dynasty was followed by the Chaulukya dynasty, the Solanki dynasty, and the Mewar kingdom. The Mewar kingdom was the last major kingdom in Rajasthan. The Mewar kingdom ruled over Rajasthan from the 13th century to the 19th century.

Rajasthani art is a vibrant and colorful art. Rajasthani art is often inspired by the natural beauty of Rajasthan. Rajasthani art is also often inspired by the history and culture of Rajasthan. Rajasthani art is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani architecture is a unique and beautiful architecture. Rajasthani architecture is often inspired by the Islamic architecture of the Mughal Empire. Rajasthani architecture is also often inspired by the Hindu architecture of the Rajput kingdoms. Rajasthani architecture is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani cuisine is a delicious and flavorful cuisine. Rajasthani cuisine is often made with spices such as turmeric, coriander, cumin, and chili peppers. Rajasthani cuisine is also often made with meat, such as lamb and chicken. Rajasthani cuisine is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani festivals are a vibrant and colorful celebration of the culture of Rajasthan. Rajasthani festivals are often celebrated with music, dance, and food. Rajasthani festivals are a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani tourism is a booming Industry. Rajasthan is a popular tourist destination for its history, culture, art, architecture, and cuisine. Rajasthan is also a popular destination for adventure tourism.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Rajasthani languages and literature:

What is Rajasthani?
Rajasthani is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the native language of about 60 million people.
What are the different dialects of Rajasthani?
The main dialects of Rajasthani are Marwari, Mewari, and Dhundari.
What is the history of Rajasthani literature?
Rajasthani literature has a long and rich history. The earliest known Rajasthani texts date back to the 10th century.
Who are some famous Rajasthani writers?
Some famous Rajasthani writers include Mirabai, Keshavdas, and Hariram Vyas.
What are some famous Rajasthani poems?
Some famous Rajasthani poems include “Sati Padmini” and “Padmaavat”.
What are some famous Rajasthani songs?
Some famous Rajasthani songs include “Jhumar” and “Ghoomar”.
What are some famous Rajasthani dances?
Some famous Rajasthani dances include “Kalbelia” and “Ghoomar”.
What are some famous Rajasthani festivals?
Some famous Rajasthani festivals include “Teej” and “Pushkar Mela”.
What are some famous Rajasthani foods?
Some famous Rajasthani foods include “Dal Baati Churma”, “Gatte ki Sabzi”, and “Mirchi ka Bada”.
What are some famous Rajasthani handicrafts?
Some famous Rajasthani handicrafts include “Rajasthani block printing”, “Rajasthani embroidery”, and “Rajasthani mirror work”.
What are some famous Rajasthani forts?
Some famous Rajasthani forts include Mehrangarh Fort, Amber Fort, and Jaisalmer Fort.
What are some famous Rajasthani temples?
Some famous Rajasthani temples include Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar, and Udaipur Palace.
What are some famous Rajasthani wildlife sanctuaries?
Some famous Rajasthani wildlife sanctuaries include Ranthambore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, and Keoladeo National Park.
What are some famous Rajasthani national parks?
Some famous Rajasthani national parks include Sariska Tiger Reserve, Keoladeo National Park, and Ranthambore National Park.
What are some famous Rajasthani rivers?
Some famous Rajasthani rivers include Chambal River, Luni River, and Banas River.
What are some famous Rajasthani lakes?
Some famous Rajasthani lakes include Pichola Lake, Fateh Sagar Lake, and Jaisamand Lake.
What are some famous Rajasthani Mountains?
Some famous Rajasthani mountains include Aravalli Range, Vindhya Range, and Satpura Range.
What are some famous Rajasthani deserts?
Some famous Rajasthani deserts include Thar Desert, Great Rann of Kutch, and Little Rann of Kutch.
What is the Climate-of-rajasthan/”>Climate of Rajasthan?
The climate of Rajasthan is hot and dry. The summers are very hot and the winters are cold.
What is the economy of Rajasthan?
The economy of Rajasthan is based on agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing.
What is the government of Rajasthan?
The government of Rajasthan is a parliamentary Democracy. The head of state is the Governor and the head of government is the Chief Minister.
What is the Population of Rajasthan?
The population of Rajasthan is about 70 million people.
What is the religion of Rajasthan?
The majority of people in Rajasthan are Hindu.
What is the language of Rajasthan?
The Official Language of Rajasthan is Hindi. However, there are many other languages spoken in Rajasthan, including Rajasthani, Marwari, and Mewari.
What is the Literacy rate of Rajasthan?
The literacy rate of Rajasthan is about 68%.
What is the life expectancy of Rajasthan?
The life expectancy of Rajasthan is about 68 years.
What is the infant mortality rate of Rajasthan?
The infant mortality rate of Rajasthan is about 40 per 1,000 live births.
What is the POVERTY rate of Rajasthan?
The poverty rate of Rajasthan is about 30%.
What is the crime rate of Rajasthan?
The crime rate of Rajasthan is about 10 per 100,000 people.
What is the Education system of Rajasthan?
The education system of Rajasthan is based on the 10+

Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic Rajasthani Languages & Literature:

Which of the following is not a language spoken in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Rajasthani
Which of the following is the national language of India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) None of the above
Which of the following is the most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Bengali
Which of the following is the second most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Bengali
Which of the following is the third most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Telugu
Which of the following is the fourth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Marathi
Which of the following is the fifth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Gujarati
Which of the following is the sixth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Kannada
Which of the following is the seventh most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Malayalam
Which of the following is the eighth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Punjabi
Which of the following is the ninth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Odia
Which of the following is the tenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Assamese
Which of the following is the eleventh most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Bengali
Which of the following is the twelfth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Telugu
Which of the following is the thirteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Marathi
Which of the following is the fourteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Gujarati
Which of the following is the fifteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Kannada
Which of the following is the sixteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Malayalam
Which of the following is the seventeenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Punjabi
Which of the following is the eighteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Odia
Which of the following is the nineteenth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Assamese
Which of the following is the twentieth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Bengali
Which of the following is the twenty-first most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Telugu
Which of the following is the twenty-second most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Marathi
Which of the following is the twenty-third most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Gujarati
Which of the following is the twenty-fourth most spoken language in India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Tamil
(D) Kannada
Which of the following is the twenty