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Concept of Allotropes: An element, in different forms, having different physical properties but similar chemical properties is known as allotropes of that element. Carbon has three well known allotropes which are graphite, diamond and buck minster fullerene. These are formed by carbon atoms.
| Allotrope Type | Properties |
| Graphite | Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving a hexagonal array. One of these Bonds is a double-bond, and thus the valency of carbon is satisfied. Graphite structure is formed by the hexagonal arrays being placed in layers one above the other. Graphite is also a very good conductor of electricity unlike other non-metals
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| Diamonds | Each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms forming a rigid three-dimensional structure. Diamond is the hardest substance known while graphite is smooth and slippery. Diamonds can be synthesised by subjecting pure carbon to very high pressure and temperature. These synthetic diamonds are small but are otherwise indistinguishable from natural diamonds. |
| Fullerenes | It form another class of carbon allotropes. The first one to be identified was C-60 which has carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a football. Since this looked like the geodesic dome designed by the US architect Buckminster Fuller, the molecule was named fullerene |
| Glassy carbon | Glassy or vitreous carbon is a class of carbon widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry as well as in prosthetic devices and high-temperature crucibles. Its most important properties are high temperature resistance, hardness, low density, low electrical resistance, low friction, low thermal resistance, extreme resistance to chemical attack, and impermeability to gases and liquids. |
| Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon Molecules that exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties and are efficient Conductors of heat. Carbon nanobuds are newly discovered allotropes in which fullerene-like “buds” are covalently attached to the outer side walls of a carbon nanotube. Nanobuds therefore exhibit properties of both nanotubes and fullerenes. |
Allotropes of carbon:
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Lonsdalette
- C60 blucminsterfullerene
- C540
- C70
- Amorphous Carbon
- Single walled carbon nano tube
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Carbon is one of the most abundant Elements on Earth, and it is found in a variety of forms, including graphite, diamond, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, and nanodiamonds. Each of these forms of carbon has its own unique properties and applications.
Graphite is a soft, black mineral that is made up of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and it is used in a variety of applications, including pencils, lubricants, and batteries.
Diamond is a hard, colorless gemstone that is made up of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral lattice. Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth, and it is used in a variety of applications, including jewelry, cutting tools, and abrasives.
Fullerenes are a family of carbon allotropes that are composed of carbon atoms arranged in spherical, ellipsoidal, or tubular shapes. Fullerenes were first discovered in 1985, and they have since been found to have a variety of potential applications, including in medicine, electronics, and materials science.
Carbon nanotubes are long, thin tubes that are made up of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Carbon nanotubes are one of the strongest materials known to man, and they are also very good conductors of electricity and heat. Carbon nanotubes are being studied for a variety of potential applications, including in electronics, energy storage, and medicine.
Amorphous carbon is a non-crystalline form of carbon that does not have a regular Atomic structure. Amorphous carbon is found in a variety of materials, including soot, charcoal, and carbon black. Amorphous carbon is used in a variety of applications, including in lubricants, paints, and plastics.
Nanodiamonds are tiny diamonds that are less than 100 nanometers in size. Nanodiamonds have a variety of potential applications, including in medicine, cosmetics, and electronics.
In conclusion, carbon is a versatile element that is found in a variety of forms. Each of these forms of carbon has its own unique properties and applications.
What are allotropes?
Allotropes are different forms of the same element that have different physical and chemical properties.
What are the allotropes of carbon?
The allotropes of carbon are diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes.
What are the properties of diamond?
Diamond is a hard, transparent solid with a high melting point. It is used in jewelry and industrial applications.
What are the properties of graphite?
Graphite is a soft, black solid with a low melting point. It is used in lubricants, pencils, and batteries.
What are the properties of fullerenes?
Fullerenes are a group of carbon allotropes that have a cage-like structure. They are named after Buckminster Fuller, who designed the geodesic dome. Fullerenes have a variety of potential applications, including in medicine and materials science.
What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes are long, thin tubes of carbon atoms. They have a variety of potential applications, including in electronics, energy storage, and medicine.
What are the differences between diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes?
Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are all allotropes of carbon, but they have different physical and chemical properties. Diamond is a hard, transparent solid with a high melting point. Graphite is a soft, black solid with a low melting point. Fullerenes are a group of carbon allotropes that have a cage-like structure. Carbon nanotubes are long, thin tubes of carbon atoms.
What are the applications of allotropes of carbon?
The allotropes of carbon have a variety of applications, including in jewelry, lubricants, pencils, batteries, medicine, materials science, electronics, energy storage, and medicine.
What are the future prospects of allotropes of carbon?
The allotropes of carbon have a promising future, with a variety of potential applications in a wide range of fields.
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Which of the following is not an allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is the most stable allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is the most common allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is the hardest allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is the most electrically conductive allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is the most chemically reactive allotrope of carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is used in jewelry?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is used in pencils?
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is used in making activated carbon?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene -
Which of the following is used in making buckyballs?
(A) Diamond
(B) Graphite
(C) Coal
(D) Fullerene