<–2/”>a >Brainstorming is an activity used to generate creative ideas. It can be done individually or as a group.Brainstorming should not be used for analysis or DECISION MAKING.
Brainstorming combines an informal approach to problem-solving with lateral thinking, which is a method for developing new concepts to solve problems by looking at them in innovative ways. Some of these ideas can be built into original, creative solutions to a problem, while others can generate additional ideas.
The rules for brainstorming are as follows:
All ideas are acceptable; focus on quantity, not quality
Everyone suspends judgement until the process is complete
Encourage wild ideas
Every contributor is equally important and every idea has equal worth
Build on the ideas put forward by others – use existing ideas to generate new ideas.
The nominal group technique (NGT) is a group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision making.It can be used in groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone’s opinions taken into account (as opposed to traditional voting, where only the largest group is considered). The method of tallying is the difference. First, every member of the group gives their view of the solution, with a short explanation. Then, duplicate solutions are eliminated from the list of all solutions, and the members proceed to rank the solutions, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.The steps to drawing a Pareto chart are as follows:
Select the category of causes you want to group issues in.
Determine the measure, for example, frequency, cost, time, etc.
Determine the period to collect the data; for example, one cycle, one day, or one week.
Collect the data.
Segregate the data as per their categories.
Draw a bar chart with causes on the x-axis and number of occurrences on the y-axis.
Now draw the bar with the highest number of occurrences at the far-left and label the category.
Repeat the procedure until you complete all identified categories.
The category with the lowest number of defects will be at the far-right.
At the Leadership or management level, Pareto charts can be used at the start of a new round of quality improvement to figure out what business problems are responsible for the most complaints or losses, and dedicate improvement Resources to those. Collecting and examining data like that can often result in surprises and upend an organization’s “conventional wisdom.”
A fishbone diagram, also called a cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a visualization tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem in order to identify its root causes.
The technique uses graphical means to relate the causes of a problem to the problem itself, in other words, to determine cause and effect. The diagram focuses on the causes rather than the effect. Because there may be a number of causes for a particular problem, this technique helps us to identify the root cause of the problem in a structured and uncomplicated manner. It also helps us to work on each cause prior to finding the root cause.
Graphical representation of the sequence of steps or tasks (workflow) constituting a process, from raw materials through to the finished product. It serves as a tool for examining the process in detail to identify areas of possible improvements. Also called process map.
Operation: to change the physical or chemical characteristics of the material.
Inspection: to check the quality or the quantity of the material.
Move: transporting the material from one place to another.
Delay: when material cannot go to the next activity.
Storage: when the material is kept in a safe location.,
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members. The technique is frequently used in business to generate ideas for new products, Services, or processes.
Brainstorming is a freewheeling process in which participants are encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, regardless of how unrealistic or impractical they may seem. The goal is to come up with as many ideas as possible, and to defer judgment until later.
Brainstorming is often led by a facilitator, who keeps the discussion on track and ensures that all participants have a chance to contribute. The facilitator may also help to generate ideas by asking questions or providing prompts.
Brainstorming can be a very effective way to generate new ideas. However, it is important to keep in mind that brainstorming is just one tool in the creative process. It is not a substitute for hard work or critical thinking.
Nominal Group Technique
The nominal group technique (NGT) is a structured Communication technique used to improve the quality and quantity of ideas and solutions generated by a group. NGT is based on the idea that group members are more likely to generate creative ideas if they are given the opportunity to think independently and then share their ideas with the group.
NGT typically involves the following steps:
- The group leader introduces the problem or issue that the group is trying to solve.
- Each group member silently generates a list of ideas related to the problem.
- The group leader records all of the ideas on a flipchart or whiteboard.
- Each group member takes turns reading their ideas aloud.
- The group discusses the ideas and clarifies any ambiguities.
- The group votes on the ideas that they think are the most important or feasible.
- The group develops a plan to implement the chosen ideas.
NGT has been shown to be an effective way to generate creative ideas and solutions. It is particularly useful for groups that are trying to solve complex problems or that are made up of people with different backgrounds and perspectives.
Pareto Chart
A Pareto chart is a type of bar chart that is used to identify the most significant causes of a problem. The chart is created by ranking the causes of the problem from most to least common, and then plotting the frequency of each cause. The Pareto chart can be used to identify the “vital few” causes that are responsible for the majority of the problem, and to focus efforts on addressing those causes.
Pareto charts are named after Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist who observed that 80% of the wealth in Italy was owned by 20% of the Population. This principle, known as the Pareto principle, has been applied to many other areas, including quality control, business management, and problem solving.
Pareto charts can be a valuable tool for identifying and addressing the most important causes of a problem. They can also be used to track progress over time and to ensure that efforts are being focused on the most effective solutions.
Fishbone Diagram
A fishbone diagram, also known as a cause-and-effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a graphical representation of the causes of a problem. The diagram is created by drawing a main line, with branches representing the different categories of causes. The branches are then further divided into sub-branches, which represent specific causes.
Fishbone diagrams are used to identify the root causes of a problem, so that they can be addressed. They can also be used to brainstorm solutions to a problem.
To create a fishbone diagram, start by identifying the problem that you want to solve. Then, brainstorm all of the possible causes of the problem. Once you have a list of causes, organize them into categories. Common categories include people, process, materials, equipment, and Environment.
Once you have organized the causes into categories, draw a fishbone diagram with a main line and branches representing the categories. Then, add sub-branches to represent the specific causes.
Once you have created the fishbone diagram, review it to identify the root causes of the problem. These are the causes that are most likely to be responsible for the problem. Once you have identified the root causes, you can develop solutions to address them.
Process Chart
A process chart is a graphical representation of the steps involved in a process. The chart can be used to identify the steps in the process, the time required for each step, and the resources that are used. Process charts can be used to improve efficiency, identify bottlenecks, and reduce costs.
There are two main types of process charts: flow charts and swim lane diagrams. Flow charts show the sequence of steps in a process, while swim lane diagrams show the steps in a process as they are performed by
Brainstorming
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What is brainstorming?
Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members. -
How does brainstorming work?
Brainstorming is a group activity where participants contribute ideas in a non-judgmental environment. The goal is to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether they are good or bad. Once all of the ideas have been generated, they can be evaluated and the best ones can be selected. -
What are the benefits of brainstorming?
Brainstorming can be a very effective way to generate new ideas. It can also help to break down groupthink and encourage creativity. Additionally, brainstorming can be a fun and engaging activity for participants. -
What are the drawbacks of brainstorming?
One of the main drawbacks of brainstorming is that it can be difficult to control the discussion. If participants are not careful, they can start to criticize each other’s ideas, which can stifle creativity. Additionally, brainstorming can be time-consuming, as it can take a while to generate a large number of ideas. -
How can you improve your brainstorming skills?
There are a few things you can do to improve your brainstorming skills. First, make sure that you are in a relaxed and comfortable environment. Second, try to come up with as many ideas as possible, even if they seem silly or unrealistic. Third, don’t judge or criticize other people’s ideas. Finally, be willing to build on other people’s ideas.
Nominal Group Technique
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What is the nominal group technique?
The nominal group technique (NGT) is a structured group process for generating, prioritizing, and evaluating ideas. It is a useful tool for groups that need to make decisions or solve problems. -
How does the nominal group technique work?
The NGT typically involves the following steps: -
The group leader introduces the problem or issue to be addressed.
- Participants are asked to write down their ideas without discussing them with each other.
- The ideas are then shared with the group and recorded on a flip chart or whiteboard.
- Each idea is discussed and clarified by the group.
- Participants are asked to rank the ideas in order of importance.
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The results of the rankings are tallied and the top-ranked ideas are selected.
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What are the benefits of the nominal group technique?
The NGT has several benefits, including: -
It is a structured process that helps to ensure that all participants have an opportunity to contribute their ideas.
- It helps to prevent groupthink, which is a phenomenon where the group makes decisions based on the desire for harmony rather than on a rational assessment of the situation.
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It can help to improve communication and collaboration within a group.
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What are the drawbacks of the nominal group technique?
The NGT also has some drawbacks, including: -
It can be time-consuming, especially if there are a large number of participants.
- It can be difficult to get everyone to participate equally.
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It can be difficult to reach consensus on a decision.
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How can you improve your use of the nominal group technique?
There are a few things you can do to improve your use of the NGT: -
Make sure that the group is well-prepared before the meeting.
- Choose a facilitator who is skilled in leading group discussions.
- Encourage all participants to contribute their ideas.
- Be patient and allow time for discussion and debate.
- Be willing to compromise and reach consensus.
Pareto Chart
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What is a Pareto chart?
A Pareto chart is a type of bar graph that is used to show the relative importance of different causes of a problem. The chart is named after Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist who observed that 80% of the wealth in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. This principle, now known as the Pareto principle, can be applied to many different situations. -
How does a Pareto chart work?
To create a Pareto chart, you first need to identify the different causes of a problem. Once you have identified the causes, you need to estimate the frequency of each cause. You can do this by collecting data or by conducting a survey. Once you have the frequency data, you can create a bar graph. The bars on the graph should be ordered from highest to lowest frequency. -
What are the benefits of Pareto charts?
Pareto charts can be a very effective way to identify the most important causes of a problem. This information can then be used to focus your efforts on solving the
- A brainstorming session is a meeting where participants generate ideas without judgment. True or False?
- The nominal group technique is a structured brainstorming technique where participants write down their ideas individually and then share them with the group. True or False?
- A Pareto chart is a bar graph that shows the frequency of different types of problems. True or False?
- A fishbone diagram is a diagram that shows the causes of a problem. True or False?
- A process chart is a diagram that shows the steps in a process. True or False?
Answers:
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
Here are some additional details about each of these quality tools:
- Brainstorming is a technique for generating ideas. It is often used in problem-solving and product development. The basic idea is to have a group of people come up with as many ideas as possible, without judgment. This can be done in a free-form way, or with some structure.
- The nominal group technique is a structured brainstorming technique. It is often used when there is a need to generate a large number of ideas, or when the group is not familiar with each other. The basic idea is to have each participant write down their ideas individually, and then share them with the group. The ideas are then discussed and voted on, and the top ideas are selected.
- A Pareto chart is a bar graph that shows the frequency of different types of problems. It is often used in quality control to identify the most important problems to address. The chart is created by ranking the problems by frequency, and then plotting the frequency of each problem on a bar graph. The tallest bar on the chart represents the most important problem.
- A fishbone diagram is a diagram that shows the causes of a problem. It is often used in quality control to identify the root cause of a problem. The diagram is created by drawing a main line, and then drawing branches off of the main line for each of the possible causes of the problem. The branches are then further divided into sub-branches, and so on.
- A process chart is a diagram that shows the steps in a process. It is often used in quality control to identify areas where the process can be improved. The chart is created by drawing a line for each step in the process, and then adding information about the time, materials, and people involved in each step.