Discover the diverse geography of Punjab, featuring fertile plains, river systems, and the Shivalik Hills. Learn about the state’s varied climate, rich agricultural lands, and natural resources. Explore how Punjab’s unique landscapes influence its culture, agriculture, and economic activities, shaping its distinct regional identity within India.
FAQs on Punjab Geography
- What is the geographical location of Punjab?
- Punjab is a state located in the northwestern part of India. It shares borders with Pakistan to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, and Haryana and Rajasthan to the south.
- What are the major rivers in Punjab?
- Punjab is known as the “Land of Five Rivers” due to the five major rivers that flow through the region:
- Sutlej
- Beas
- Ravi
- Chenab
- Jhelum
- What are the main physiographic divisions of Punjab?
- Punjab is primarily a flat alluvial plain formed by the rivers mentioned above. However, it can be broadly divided into three regions:
- Majha: The region between the Beas and Ravi rivers, known for its fertile land.
- Doaba: The region between the Beas and Sutlej rivers, also known for its fertile soil.
- Malwa: The southwestern region, characterized by a drier climate and less fertile land.
- What is the climate of Punjab?
- Punjab experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cool winters. The monsoon season (July-September) brings moderate rainfall, which is crucial for agriculture.
- What are the major natural resources found in Punjab?
- Punjab’s natural resources mainly include:
- Fertile Soil: The alluvial soil deposited by the rivers makes Punjab one of the most fertile regions in India.
- Groundwater: Punjab has a vast network of canals and tubewells for irrigation, utilizing groundwater resources.
- Minerals: Some minor deposits of limestone, gypsum, and silica sand are found in the state.
- What are the major crops grown in Punjab?
- Punjab is primarily an agricultural state. The major crops grown include:
- Wheat
- Rice
- Maize
- Cotton
- Sugarcane
- Pulses (lentils, chickpeas, etc.)
- Oilseeds (mustard, sunflower, etc.)
- What are the major cities in Punjab?
- The major cities in Punjab include:
- Chandigarh (Capital – Union Territory, shared with Haryana)
- Ludhiana
- Amritsar
- Jalandhar
- Patiala
- What are some important geographical features of Punjab?
- Some important geographical features include:
- The Wagah Border: A ceremonial border crossing between India and Pakistan.
- Harike Wetland: A Ramsar site and an important bird sanctuary.
- Ropar Wetland: Another significant wetland known for its biodiversity.
- What are the main environmental issues facing Punjab?
- Punjab faces environmental challenges such as:
- Declining Groundwater Levels: Over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation is a serious concern.
- Stubble Burning: The practice of burning crop residue after harvest contributes to air pollution.
- Water Pollution: Industrial and agricultural runoff pollute rivers and groundwater.