Public Health Initiatives with special reference to the State of Rajasthan.

Health, Health Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE and Health Policy of Rajasthan

The State Government is having focus on the medical sector to promote health status of the people of the State especially for the weaker sections of the Society.
The State is committed to control and eradicate communicable and other diseases and for providing curative and preventive Services to the people of the State.
A number of initiatives have been taken to bring them into the mainstream.
Medical & Health Department is committed to make Health facilities available to every common man of Rural and Urban areas in a planned manner for which medical infrastructure Developmetn & Strengthening is being done in accordance with the National Health Policy through Health Institutions.

Medical Infrastructure in Rahastahan

There are 16 Medical Colleges in Rajasthan, out of which eight are in the Government sector including one under Government Society and remaining eight are in the private sector.
There are 15 Dental colleges in the state, one in Government sector and 14 in Private sector.
The Government Medical Colleges have an annual admission capacity of 1,450 students in UG, 829 students in PG course and 93 in Super-Specialty courses.
The private medical colleges have an annual admission capacity of 1,150 students in UG and 173 students in PG courses.
The Government Dental College has an annual admission capacity of 40 UG and 14 PG students.
The private dental colleges have an annual admission capacity of 1,400 students in UG and 299 students in PG courses.
For upgradation of 7 other district hospitals Alwar, Bharatpur, Churu, Barmer, Bhilwara, Pali and Dungarpur having bed capacity of 300 beds into medical colleges, except Alwar, construction is under progress in State.
Establishment of state cancer institute under Sawai Man Singh (SMS) Medical College Jaipur, Two Tertiary Cancer Care Centers, one in Bikaner and other at Jhalawar are under process.
Metro Manas Arogya Sansthan at Mansarovar Jaipur is running on PPP mode.Health, Health Infrastructure and Health Policy of Rajasthan” width=”300″ height=”120″ />
The hospitals associated with Government Medical Colleges are playing a vital role in patient care for both indoor and outdoor patients and cater to the medical/health care needs of a large segment of the Population.

AYURVED AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE

Department of Ayurved has been functioning in the State, since 1950.
At present there are 118 Ayurvedic hospitals (out of which one is established at Bikaner House in Delhi), 3,577 Ayurvedic Dispensaries, 3 Yoga/”>Yoga & Naturopathy Hospitals, 3 Yoga & Naturopathy Dispensaries with 1 Mobile Surgical Unit (200 bedded) and 13 Mobile Units are functioning in the State.
33 Aanchal Prasuta Kendra, 33 Jaravastha Janya Vyadhi Nivaran Kendra, 33 Panchkarma Kendra & 33 Yoga and Naturopathy Research Centers are also functioning in the State

Mukhya Mantri Nishulk Dava Yojna

“Mukhya Mantri Nishulk Dava Yojna” was launched on 2ndOctober, 2011. The scheme aims to benefit all the patients coming to government hospitals.
Under this scheme, all outdoor and indoor patients visiting medical college attached hospitals, district hospitals, community health centers, primary health centers and sub centers, are provided commonly used essential medicines, free of cost.
Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation (RMSC) has been constituted as a central procurement agency for purchase of medicines and surgical sutures for medical department and Medical Education department.
RMSC is supplying medicines etc. to all Government health institutions through District Drug Ware Houses (DDWH) established in all 33 districts of the State. Quality of drugs being supplied is ensured by testing of drugs at empanelled drug testing laboratories.
The list of drugs which is provided by Free Drug Distribution Centers has been displayed in Government Medical Institutions.
Medicines are available for Outdoor patients according to OPD timings and 24 hour for Indoor and Emergency patients.
In this scheme, according to need of hospitals, 10 per cent of annual budget can be used for local purchase. Under the scheme, medicines for the treatment of critical and severe disease are also available like 37 drugs for Cancer, 53 drugs for heart diseases, 20 drugs for Diabetes and 20 drugs for Asthma. Under the scheme, E-aushdhi Software is established for tendering, indent sending, to know the status of drug consumption at medical hospitals, to ensure the quality of drugs, to submit the information about the debar medicines etc.

Nishulk Sanitary Napkins Distribution Scheme

Government of Rajasthan started a scheme for free distribution of sanitary napkins to all school going girls of class 6 to 12 of rural areas and non-school going girls of 10 to 19 years age of BPL families.
In this scheme Ist phase of the free sanitary napkins distribution scheme for adolescent school girls of rural area and non-school going girls of BPL families has been completed.
About 20 lakh adolescent girls are being benefitted under the scheme.
These are the main objects of this scheme:-
To make aware the adolescent girls of rural areas about menstrual hygiene.
To improve the health of adolescent girls.
To increase the attendance of adolescent girls in schools.
To reduce the MMR and IMR in rural areas in the long term.
To make clean and healthy Rajasthan.

Bhamasha Swasthaya Bima Yojana

Bhamasha Swasthaya Bima Yojana was launched in the state on 13th December, 2015.
The main objective of this scheme is to provide cashless healthcare services to the poor families (under selected families of NFSA – 2013 and RSBY) of Rajasthan thus providing social and financial security against illness to these families and reducing out of pocket expenditure.
Around 97 lakh eligible families of Rajasthan are selected under the National Food Security Act (2013) and Rashtriya Swasthaya Bima Yojna (RSBY).
Health Insurance cover of `30,000 (for general illnesses) and of 3.00 lakh (for critical illnesses) per family per year is provided on floater basis.
Total 1,715 disease packages are offered under the scheme, for which reserved list include 1,148 secondary packages, 500 tertiary packages and 67 Government Medical Institution packages.
Cashless IPD treatment facility is provided at empanelled hospitals.
Includes 7 days pre- hospitalization and 15 days post- hospitalization expenses.
No Third Party Administration (TPA).
Presently, 499 Government and 674 private hospitals are empanelled for providing services under the scheme.

EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE SCHEME (ESI)

Employees State Insurance Scheme is a social security scheme, which is operational in the State, since 1956 with the objective of providing free medical and health care facilities to employees and their dependent family members under the E.S.I. Act 1948, section 58 where the insured persons having salaries upto 21,000/- per month, working in industrial, commercial, educational, medical and other establishments covered under the Act.
About 7.90 lakh insured persons and their 22.75 lakh dependent family members are being benefited in the State. Under E.S.I. Scheme, four E.S.I. hospitals (Bhilwara, Jodhpur, Kota, Pali) and 74 dispensaries are functioning in the state.

E-INITIATIVES BY RAJASTHAN GOVERNMENT

ASHA Soft

ASHA Soft is an online system which facilitates the health department, to capture beneficiary wise details of services given by ASHA to the community.
It also provides online payment of ASHA to their bank accounts and calculation of total incentive given will be in accordance with the actual health services provided which will help in strengthening of monitoring & management of physical & financial progress.
Under National Health Mission, Rajasthan, the responsibility for preparing ASHA Soft has been assigned to NIC unit of Rajasthan State for the cooperation of which ASHA Soft Core Group has been constituted under the directions of Mission Director which is working on the progress of this software with the coordination of NIC.
Till now, the profiles of all the working ASHAs have been prepared along with the work plan.
The districts have been oriented on this work plan by Mission Director time to time during VC, Meeting of CM & HOs and PMOs.
Bank of Baroda has been selected for online payment which will perform this work without any extra fees.
The progress of the scheme is being reviewed time to time by Mission Director, NHM for operationalisation of the software on time. After a trial run with the Bank,ASHA Soft will be operationalise in the month of December 2014.

e-Aushadhi

The e-Aushadhi is a web based application which deals with the management of stock of various drugs,sutures and surgical items required by different district drug warehouses of Rajasthan state.
e-Aushadhi helps in as certaining the needs of various district drug warehouses such that all the required materials,drugs are constantly available to be supplied to the user district drug warehouses without delay.
This includes Classification or categorisation of items, codification of items, etc.
The prime objective of a District Drug Warehouse is to supply drugs to the various medical institutes that are associated with the given district drug warehouse.

Pregnancy, Child Tracking & Health Services Management System(PCTS)

Pregnancy, Child Tracking & Health Services Management System is online software used as an effective planning & management tool by Medical, Health & Family Welfare department, Government of Rajasthan.
The system maintains online data of more than 13,000 government health institutions in the state.)
Integrated system for monitoring of PCPNDT ACT
PCPNDT ACT is an Act to provide for the Prohibition of sex selection, in order to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio.
The website was launched on October 01, 2012 by the National Informatics Centre (Rajasthan) which helps in monitoring of the form A, form -F and tracking devices fitted in sonography machines atthe registered sonography centres and generates various analytical and geographical reports.
It is an intensive inspection drive using technology of all Government district, Subdivision, Community Health Center(CHC), Primary Health Center (PHC) hospitals.
It is an integrated streamlined system to keep the employee data.

Government of India is committed to the goal of ‘Health for All’ The obligation of the Government to ensure the highest possible health status of India’s population and access to quality health care has been recognized by a number of key policy documents.Health care system supplement in improving the health of individuals, particularly those belonging to socially and economically disadvantaged groups,which is a key objective of the Indian government and a major consequence of a Constitution.

Recognizing the importance of Health in the process of economic and social development and improving the Quality Of Life of our citizens, the Government of India has resolved to launch the National Rural Health Mission to carry out necessary architectural correction in the basic health care delivery system.

Mission of Madhya Pradesh aims at providing the necessary knowledge and skills to keep all rural people living in the state of Madhya Pradesh to ensure equitable, accountable and effective primary health care especially to the poor Women and children and to promote the quality of their lives. And to enable them to lead a healthy productive life. Thus, there are two main components of the Programs: To provide the knowledge needed to keep the first people healthy and empower the people living in the state, secondly, Madhya Pradesh has adopted the vision adopted by the National Health Mission, Government of India. In order to keep the people healthy, the necessary skills and knowledge are being provided throughout the state and the villagers of the state Provide effective health services for the population to be strengthened to poor infrastructure and as worst performing districts.

Under Universal access to basic health facilities consisting of health card, medical examination following programs / facilities have been initiated by Central and State Government in Uttarakhand:-

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
[su_spoiler title=”National AIDS and STD Control Programme” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Under the programme, following activities are carried out:
(i)Preventive measures,
(ii) Targeted Intervention among High Risk Groups,
(iii) Information, education and Communication activities in States and UTs,
(iv) Treatment of sexually transmitted infections, (v) Blood safety and quality assurance,
(vi)Integrated Counselling & Testing facilities including prevention of Parent to Child Transmission,
(vii) Rural outreach through Link Worker Scheme,[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”National AYUSH Mission (NAM)” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Under the mission activities, it is aimed to provide AYUSH services at health centres and promotion of farming of medicinal Plants[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Supply of Contraceptives” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Supply of condoms to consumers free of cost; Condom Social Marketing and publicity campaign.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Assistance to Voluntary Organisations for Welfare of SCs” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Grant support to NGOs/ voluntary organisations for service activities such as medical centres, dispensaries.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Health System Development Project (EAP)” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] the capacity of existing health service providing institutions are strengthened by way of stewardship and capacity building and involvement of Private Partners in providing health services.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Mukhyamantri Swasthya Sudrikaran Yojana” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] health card is being provided to families for getting free of cost treatment in selected hospitals for identified diseases.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Safe Blood Transfusion Services” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Safe Blood Transfusion Services are being provided through Blood banks.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] children of age group 0-6 are immunised[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]The specific objectives of the scheme are:
i.Prevention of gender based sex selection
ii.Ensure survival of girl child
iii.Protection of the girl child and
iv.Ensure education of the girl child.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY )” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Cash incentive is provided to mothers delivering in hospital. In this scheme, the States where there is a low rate of Institutional deliveries is classified as ‘Low Performing States (LPS)’ (the States of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Rajasthan, Odisha and Jammu and Kashmir), whereas the remaining States are termed as High Performing States (HPS). Cash benefits to them are as under:
Low Performing State: Mothers’ package (₹1400), ASHA Package (₹ 600) totalling ₹ 2000.
High Performing States: Mothers’ package (₹ 700), ASHA Package (₹ 600) totalling ₹ 1300. These costs are applicable to rural areas only.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) – SABLA” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]The scheme has special focus on adolescent girls of the age group, 11 to 18 years. The scheme has two major components namely, Nutrition and non-nutrition component.
Nutrition is being given in the form of Take Home Ration or Hot Cooked Meal to out-of-school girls of age group 11-14 years and to all adolescent girls of age group 14-18.
In the non-nutrition component, the out-of-school adolescent girls of age group 11 to 18 years are being provided IFA supplementation, Health check-up and Referral services, Nutrition and Health Education, Counselling and guidance on family welfare, Adolescent Reproductive Sexual Health (ARSH), child care practices, Life Skill Education and vocational training.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Following services are sponsored under ICDS:
1.Immunisation of 0-6 age group children
2. Supplementary nutrition to children, pregnant women and lactating mothers
3.Health check-up of children, pregnant women and lactating mothers
4.Referral services
5.Pre-school non-formal education to children 6.Nutrition and Health information to women.[/su_spoiler]

[su_spoiler title=”National Nutrition Mission” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Basic activities under National Nutrition Mission:
(i)Strengthen and restructure the ICDS scheme,
(ii) Introduce a multi-sectoral programme to address maternal and child Malnutrition in selected 200 high-burden districts,
(iii) Introducing a nation-wide information, education and communication campaign against malnutrition and
(iv) Making nutrition a focus in the programmes and schemes of line Ministries.
(v)This scheme is now a sub-scheme under Integrated Child Development Scheme.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY )” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Cash assistance directly to pregnant and lactating women (P & L Women) from the end of 2nd trimester of pregnancy up to 6 months after delivery. ₹ 6000 provided to the pregnant and lactating women in response to fulfilling specific conditions related to Health and Nutrition of mother and child. The scheme would address short-term income support objectives with long-term objective of behaviour and Attitudinal Change. The scheme attempts to partly compensate for wage loss to pregnant and lactating women both prior to and after delivery of the child.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Aajeevika – National Livelihood Mission” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Food Security Risk fund is provided to SHG/ volunteer organisations, cluster level SHG federation. In addition, activities such as IEC on education and nutrition are conducted in VO / SHG meetings.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”National Institutes for Blind, Deaf, Mentally Retarded and Orthopedically” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] They provide professional training courses with a view to developing trained manpower in the disability sector and also providing various other rehabilitation services.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Aids and Appliances for the Handicapped” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”] Grants-in-aid to various implementing agencies to assist the needy disabled persons in procuring durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, modern, standard aids and appliances that can promote their physical, social and psychological rehabilitation. PWDs can get the aids and appliances.[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title=”Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”arrow”]Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities and restoration of their dignity by way of manufacturing and supplying durable, sophisticated, scientifically manufactured modern and ISI standard quality assistive aids. The aids are supplied to PWDs[/su_spoiler]

Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.

Public health initiatives are designed to improve the health of a population by addressing the social, environmental, and economic factors that contribute to disease. These initiatives can take many forms, such as providing access to healthcare, promoting healthy lifestyles, and preventing the spread of disease.

In Rajasthan, the government has implemented a number of public health initiatives in recent years. These initiatives have been successful in improving the health of the population, as evidenced by the following statistics:

The infant mortality rate has declined from 120 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 70 per 1,000 live births in 2018.
The maternal mortality rate has declined from 300 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 130 per 100,000 live births in 2018.
The under-five mortality rate has declined from 140 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 70 per 1,000 live births in 2018.

These improvements are due in part to the government’s efforts to improve access to healthcare. The government has built new hospitals and clinics, and has also increased the number of doctors and nurses. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to promote healthy lifestyles, such as providing free vaccinations and nutrition education.

The government has also made efforts to prevent the spread of disease. For example, the government has implemented a number of programs to improve sanitation and hygiene. In addition, the government has launched a number of campaigns to educate the public about the importance of handwashing and other preventive measures.

The government’s public health initiatives have been successful in improving the health of the population of Rajasthan. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. For example, the state still has a high rate of malnutrition. In addition, the state still has a high rate of communicable diseases, such as malaria and tuberculosis.

Despite these challenges, the government of Rajasthan is committed to improving the health of its citizens. The government is working to address the challenges that remain, and is committed to providing quality healthcare to all its citizens.

Here are some of the specific public health initiatives that are being implemented in Rajasthan:

Maternal and Child Health: The government of Rajasthan is committed to improving the health of mothers and children. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide antenatal care, postnatal care, and immunizations for mothers and children. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to promote breastfeeding and nutrition for mothers and children.
Nutrition: The government of Rajasthan is committed to improving the nutrition of its citizens. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide food supplements, nutrition education, and access to clean water and sanitation. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to promote breastfeeding and healthy eating habits.
Immunization: The government of Rajasthan is committed to ensuring that all its citizens are immunized against preventable diseases. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide free vaccinations to children and adults. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to educate the public about the importance of immunization.
Water and Sanitation: The government of Rajasthan is committed to providing access to clean water and sanitation for all its citizens. The government has implemented a number of programs to build new Water supply and sanitation facilities. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to educate the public about the importance of hygiene and sanitation.
Infectious Diseases: The government of Rajasthan is committed to preventing and controlling infectious diseases. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide treatment for infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to educate the public about the prevention of infectious diseases.
Non-Communicable Diseases: The government of Rajasthan is committed to preventing and controlling non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide treatment for non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to educate the public about the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
Mental Health: The government of Rajasthan is committed to improving the mental health of its citizens. The government has implemented a number of programs to provide treatment for mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. In addition, the government has implemented a number of programs to educate the public about mental health and mental illness.

Public Health Initiatives

Public health initiatives are programs or policies that are designed to improve the health of a population. These initiatives can focus on a variety of issues, such as preventing disease, promoting healthy behaviors, and ensuring access to healthcare.

There are many different public health initiatives that have been implemented around the world. Some examples include:

Immunization programs: These programs provide Vaccines to children and adults to protect them from diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella.
Nutrition programs: These programs provide food and nutrition education to help people make healthy choices about what they eat.
Physical activity programs: These programs encourage people to be active and get regular exercise.
Mental health programs: These programs provide support and treatment for people with mental health problems.
Environmental health programs: These programs work to improve the quality of the Environment and reduce exposure to harmful pollutants.

Public health initiatives can have a significant impact on the health of a population. For example, immunization programs have helped to reduce the number of cases of measles by more than 99% since 1980. Nutrition programs have helped to reduce the number of children who are overweight or obese. Physical activity programs have helped to reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Mental health programs have helped to reduce the number of suicides and improve the quality of life for people with mental health problems. Environmental health programs have helped to reduce the number of cases of respiratory infections and other diseases caused by exposure to pollutants.

Public health initiatives are an important part of the effort to improve the health of a population. These initiatives can help to prevent disease, promote healthy behaviors, and ensure access to healthcare.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is public health?
Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.
What are some examples of public health initiatives?
Some examples of public health initiatives include immunization programs, nutrition programs, physical activity programs, mental health programs, and environmental health programs.
What are the benefits of public health initiatives?
Public health initiatives can have a significant impact on the health of a population. For example, immunization programs have helped to reduce the number of cases of measles by more than 99% since 1980. Nutrition programs have helped to reduce the number of children who are overweight or obese. Physical activity programs have helped to reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Mental health programs have helped to reduce the number of suicides and improve the quality of life for people with mental health problems. Environmental health programs have helped to reduce the number of cases of respiratory infections and other diseases caused by exposure to pollutants.
What are the challenges of public health initiatives?
One challenge of public health initiatives is that they can be expensive to implement. Another challenge is that they can be difficult to sustain over time. Additionally, public health initiatives can sometimes be met with resistance from the public.
What is the future of public health?
The future of public health is promising. There are many new technologies and approaches that are being developed to improve public health. Additionally, there is a growing awareness of the importance of public health among policymakers and the public.

Which of the following is not a public health initiative?
(A) Providing clean water and sanitation
(B) Vaccinations
(C) Disease prevention and control
(D) Promoting healthy lifestyles
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in India?
(A) Heart disease
(B) Cancer
(C) Stroke
(D) Respiratory infections
Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?
(A) High blood pressure
(B) High cholesterol
(C) Smoking
(D) Obesity
Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in India?
(A) Breast cancer
(B) Lung cancer
(C) Cervical cancer
(D) Stomach cancer
Which of the following is not a risk factor for cancer?
(A) Smoking
(B) Obesity
(C) Lack of physical activity
(D) Diet
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in children under the age of five?
(A) Pneumonia
(B) Diarrhea
(C) Malaria
(D) HIV/AIDS
Which of the following is not a risk factor for pneumonia?
(A) Malnutrition
(B) Lack of immunization
(C) Crowded living conditions
(D) Poor sanitation
Which of the following is the most common cause of blindness in India?
(A) Cataracts
(B) Glaucoma
(C) Diabetic retinopathy
(D) Trachoma
Which of the following is not a risk factor for blindness?
(A) Smoking
(B) Diabetes
(C) Hypertension
(D) Age
Which of the following is the most common cause of mental illness in India?
(A) Depression
(B) Anxiety disorders
(C) Schizophrenia
(D) Bipolar disorder
Which of the following is not a risk factor for mental illness?
(A) Family history of mental illness
(B) Stressful life events
(C) Substance abuse
(D) POVERTY
Which of the following is the most common cause of road traffic accidents in India?
(A) Overspeeding
(B) Drunk driving
(C) Reckless driving
(D) Non-compliance with traffic rules
Which of the following is not a risk factor for road traffic accidents?
(A) Fatigue
(B) Alcohol consumption
(C) Distracted driving
(D) Poor road conditions
Which of the following is the most common cause of suicide in India?
(A) Depression
(B) Alcoholism
(C) Drug abuse
(D) Family problems
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
(A) Mental illness
(B) Substance abuse
(C) Family history of suicide
(D) Access to firearms
Which of the following is the most common cause of death from natural disasters in India?
(A) Floods
(B) Earthquakes
(C) Tsunami
(D) Droughts
Which of the following is not a risk factor for death from natural disasters?
(A) Poverty
(B) Lack of education
(C) Poor infrastructure
(D) Climate change
Which of the following is the most common cause of death from violence in India?
(A) Homicide
(B) Suicide
(C) Accidents
(D) Disease
Which of the following is not a risk factor for death from violence?
(A) Poverty
(B) Alcohol abuse
(C) Drug abuse
(D) Access to firearms
Which of the following is the most common cause of death from non-communicable diseases in India?
(A) Heart disease
(B) Cancer
(C) Stroke
(D) Respiratory infections
Which of the following is not a risk factor for non-communicable diseases?
(A) Smoking
(B) Obesity
(C) Lack of physical activity
(D) Diet
Which of the following is the most common cause of death from communicable diseases in India?
(A) Pneumonia
(B) Diarrhea
(C) Malaria
(D) HIV/AIDS
Which of the following is not a risk factor for communicable diseases?
(A) Malnutrition
(B) Lack of immunization
(C) Crowded living conditions
(D) Poor sanitation
Which of the following is the most common cause of death