- The Indian economy in 1901
- The British Raj in India
- The Indian National Congress
- The Swadeshi movement
- The Partition of Bengal
- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
- The Non-Cooperation Movement
- The Civil Disobedience Movement
- The Quit India Movement
- The Indian independence movement
The Indian economy in 1901 was a largely agrarian one, with agriculture accounting for over 60% of the country’s GDP. The British Raj, which had ruled India since the mid-18th century, had imposed a number of economic policies that had a negative impact on the Indian economy. These policies included the introduction of a land revenue system that was highly exploitative, the development of a system of railways that benefited British businesses at the expense of Indian ones, and the imposition of high tariffs on Indian goods.
The Indian National Congress (INC), which was founded in 1885, was the leading political organization in India during the British Raj. The INC’s goal was to achieve self-government for India, and it used a variety of methods to achieve this goal, including protests, boycotts, and strikes.
The Swadeshi movement was a movement that began in 1905 in response to the Partition of Bengal. The Partition of Bengal was a British policy that divided the province of Bengal into two parts, one Hindu-majority and one Muslim-majority. The Swadeshi movement called for Indians to boycott British goods and to support Indian-made goods instead.
The Partition of Bengal was a highly controversial policy, and it led to widespread protests and violence. The British government eventually reversed the Partition in 1911.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a massacre that took place in Amritsar, India, on April 13, 1919. British troops opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians who were protesting against the British government. The massacre resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 people.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a movement that began in 1920 in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The Non-Cooperation Movement called for Indians to boycott British goods and institutions, and to withdraw their cooperation from the British government.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was a movement that began in 1930 in response to the British government’s salt monopoly. The Civil Disobedience Movement called for Indians to break the salt monopoly by illegally making salt from seawater.
The Quit India Movement was a movement that began in 1942 in response to the British government’s refusal to grant India independence. The Quit India Movement called for the British to quit India and for Indians to take control of their own country.
The Indian independence movement was a long and complex struggle that resulted in the end of British rule in India in 1947. The movement was led by the Indian National Congress, and it used a variety of methods to achieve its goal, including protests, boycotts, strikes, and violence. The Indian independence movement was a major turning point in Indian history, and it had a profound impact on the country’s development.
The Indian economy in 1901 was a largely agricultural economy, with about 70% of the population living in rural areas. The main crops were rice, wheat, and CottonCotton. The economy was also based on handicrafts, such as textiles and metalworking.
The British Raj was the period of British rule in India from 1858 to 1947. The British East India Company had been trading in India since the 17th century, and in 1858, the British government took over direct control of India. The British Raj was a period of great change for India, as the British introduced new technologies, education, and ideas.
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by a group of Indian intellectuals and lawyers. The Congress’s goal was to achieve self-government for India. The Congress played a leading role in the Indian independence movement.
The Swadeshi movement was a boycott of British goods that began in 1905. The movement was led by the Indian National Congress, and it was a major factor in the growth of Indian nationalism.
The Partition of Bengal was a division of the Indian province of Bengal into two provinces, one Hindu-majority and one Muslim-majority. The partition was announced in 1905, and it took effect in 1906. The partition was a major cause of unrest in India, and it contributed to the growth of the Indian independence movement.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a massacre of unarmed Indian civilians by British troops on April 13, 1919. The massacre took place in the Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden in Amritsar, Punjab. The massacre was a major turning point in the Indian independence movement, and it led to a decline in British support for the Raj.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule in India. The movement was launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi, and it lasted until 1922. The Non-Cooperation Movement was a major success for the Indian independence movement, and it led to the British government granting India greater self-government.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was a mass movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule in India. The movement was launched in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi, and it lasted until 1934. The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major success for the Indian independence movement, and it led to the British government granting India greater self-government.
The Quit India Movement was a mass movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule in India. The movement was launched in 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi, and it lasted until 1945. The Quit India Movement was a major success for the Indian independence movement, and it led to the British government granting India independence in 1947.
The Indian independence movement was a long and complex struggle for self-government by the Indian people. The movement began in the 19th century, and it culminated in the independence of India from British rule in 1947. The Indian independence movement was a major turning point in Indian history, and it had a profound impact on the development of modern India.
MCQs
- Which of the following was not a major event in the Indian independence movement?
(A) The Indian National Congress was founded.
(B) The Swadeshi movement began.
(CC) The Partition of Bengal was enacted.
(D) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place.
(E) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched. - The Indian National Congress was founded in:
(A) 1885.
(B) 1905.
(C) 1919.
(D) 1947.
(E) 1950. - The Swadeshi movement was a boycott of British goods. It began in:
(A) 1885.
(B) 1905.
(C) 1919.
(D) 1947.
(E) 1950. - The Partition of Bengal was the division of the Indian province of Bengal into two provinces, one Hindu-majority and one Muslim-majority. It took place in:
(A) 1885.
(B) 1905.
(C) 1919.
(D) 1947.
(E) 1950. - India gained independence from Britain on:
(A) August 15, 1947.
(B) January 26, 1950.
(C) October 2, 1960.
(D) December 16, 1971.
(E) May 16, 1991. - The first prime minister of India was:
(A) Jawaharlal Nehru.
(B) Lal Bahadur Shastri.
(C) Indira Gandhi.
(D) Rajiv Gandhi.
(E) Atal Bihari Vajpayee.