Planned Development in Tamilnadu

Planned development means an overlay zoning district created to encourage creativity and imagination in the planning and development or redevelopment of large tracts of land for various uses and activities associated with a planned community under one master plan that may include a mix of land use types at different levels of intensity. In addition, a planned development also is encouraged to provide one or more benefits to the residents of the City.

The importance of regional planning was first stressed at Governmental level by the Housing & Regional Planning Panel (1955) of the Planning Commission. The objectives of balanced regional development was sought to be achieved through industrial location policy as “through balanced and coordinated development of industrial and agricultural economy in each region, the entire country can attain higher standard of living”. In Tamil Nadu the state has been demarcated into eight regions taking into factors like geographical boundary, resource base, market potential and facilities, Population threshold etc. Identification of Growth poles, growth centres, service centres and proposal for development of transportation and Communication Network, provision of regional level facilities, conservation of Flora and Fauna, historical and heritage sites and constitution of regional planning authority to prepare and implement regional plan for the above causes are under process. (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972);An Act to provide for planning the development and use of rural and urban land.

Master Plans (MPs) :- Master plan is prepared for town and cities giving emphasize for zoning regulation for judicious use of urban land. Thus a Master Plan is a key development plan to provide land use allotment for residential, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, parks, play fields and open spaces, etc., taking into consideration the existing land uses. The plans while suggesting for broader land use restrictions, will also identify the problem areas in traffic and transport, location for Education, recreation site etc., and propose for provision of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE facilities based on the projected population for that area. Programmes are drawn and funding agencies are identified to take up such projects. 114 Local Planning Areas (108 Local Planning Areas and 6 New Town Development Areas) have been declared and master plans and new town development plans have been prepared for these urban areas

Detailed Development Plans (DDPs):- Detailed Development Plans are prepared in conformity with Master Plan proposals, prepared for smaller areaswithin the urban area. These are the action plans where the development projects and programmes are envisaged. It is a micro-level plan with detailed road network in which Master Plan is translated for development of specific area in the town which exhibits faster growth. So far 1625 detailed development plans have been prepared by this department for major urban centres of the State, of which 650 plans are approved by the Director, 282 are consented and 693 are in draft stage. The Detailed Development Plans are also reviewed periodically based on the trend of development.

New Town Development Plans (NTDPs):- Taking into consideration the special nature of the area as industrial, educational, historical, heritage and tourism importance, the areas are developed fully utilising their potential into New Towns. There are 10 notified New Town Development Authorities (NTDAs) in the state and the department has prepared development plans for 6 areas and 8 authorities have been constituted.

Special Plans Urban Renewal:- Urban Renewal is an enthusiastic theme in its concept and practice because it arouses the curiosity of every one in the area of human settlements where the programme comes for implementation / enforcement. The accelerating deterioration in urban areas frequently compel the City Development Organisation through various channels viz., political, administration, citizen forums etc., to apply remedial measures to arrest the deterioration of the standards of living condition. Massive urban development programmes that are contemplated in Master Plans are often constrained by the vastness of finance and other socio-economic aspects. Thus it is highly essential to understand each of the components involved in the practice of Urban Renewal and their applicability for various land uses. The wide range of benefits to be derived from Urban Renewal includes both obvious and subtle benefits, which are at times too obscure to observe let alone measure and may be of physical and economic nature. So far the department has prepared 5 urban renewal programmes for the five Corporation cities of the State other than Chennai.

Traffic & Transportation Planning:- The growing scale of Urbanization, city size and the prevailing land use patterns has made the problem of urban traffic and transportation increasingly complex and unmanageable. Urban transport in metropolitan cities is under increasing strains and suffers from bottlenecks arising from its weaknesses and ills. Studies have to be undertaken to study in depth the factors of travel time, mode and cost of travel, pollution and distance to work, education and entertainment. The residential and EMPLOYMENT areas have to be served better. The Directorate has undertaken Comprehensive Traffic and Transport action (CTTS) for 5 Corporation cities in the State (Other than Chennai) and Traffic Operational and Management Plans (TOMP) for 58 small and medium towns in the State to suggest measures for improving traffic and transport facilities of these towns.

Heritage Town Development Plans:- The Government of Tamil Nadu is concerned about protection of the general Environment of our priceless Heritage Towns and decided to take up the conservation and development of these towns. Government identified 38 towns and notified them as heritage Towns. Government also ordered the Director of Town and Country Planning to act as the nodal agency to prepare development plans for the towns by appointing consultants and professionals. The Directorate has prepared development plan for these notified Heritage Towns. As per the Government order, construction activities are regulated in the area within 1 km radius surrounding the heritage sites of these notified 38 heritage towns by imposing a restriction on the height of the buildings allowing only to a maximum of 9 mtr.

Development Plan for Urban Centres in Least Urbanized Taluks:- Urban development strategy aims at integration of economic and spatial planning in small and medium towns and thereby control Migration of people from rural areas. It has been found that some taluks in the State do not have any urban centre for development, which could serve its surrounding villages. It was decided to identify such urban centres in these least urbanized taluks and develop them so as to act as service centres to its adjoining villages. This department has identified such least urbanized taluks in the State and has prepared development plans for 45 least urbanized taluks.

Civic Designs:- The Regional offices of this Directorate are assisting the local bodies in preparing and approving the civic design for the development programmes such as construction of bus stand, markets, commercial complex etc., which are carried out by the Urban Local Bodies in the State.

Town & Country Planning Development Fund Section 64 of the Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 provides for the constitution of Town and Country Planning Development Fund for the purpose of furthering the Town and Country Planning functions under the Act by allocating Money from the consolidated fund of the State from time to time. Accordingly, the Government has issued orders for constitution of the Town and Country Planning and Development Fund and as grant or loan to planning authorities is advanced from this fund for the performance of the following functions under this Act:-

Preparation of Development Plan
Execution of Development Plans in full or part .
Any other purpose incidental to the preparation or execution of Development Plans.
The Fund is utilized for the following purposes.
Implementation of State IUDP schemes.
Implementation of proposals of New Town Development Plans.
Implementation of proposals of Detailed .
Development Plans/Master Plans.
Grants for maintenance of Parks and play fields.
Implementation of projects for environmental protection of heritage places.
Undertaking various planning related studies like preparation of Traffic Operation and Management Plans; Comprehensive Traffic and transportation plans; Development plan for poorly urbanized taluks; Development plan for heritage towns; Urban renewal programme.

Further, The State Government has prepared a draft planning bill for pan state and the ‘regional plan’ would be similar to the master plans that cities like Chennai and Coimbatore have. But the new plan, since it covers much of the State, would aim for preservation of agricultural lands and natural habitats. The main objective of the plan is to prepare a roadmap for balanced growth across the State, with 2050 as the horizon year. The new ‘regional plan’ will map various factors like agro-climatic zones, eco-sensitive zones, groundwater, green and forest cover, Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity and pollution levels of water, Soil, land and air. To prepare the plan, a consultant with regional planning expertise using Geographic Information System could be engaged.

Planned Development in Tamilnadu

Planned development is the process of developing a country or region in a systematic and organized way. It involves setting goals, developing strategies, and implementing projects to achieve those goals. Planned development can be used to address a variety of issues, such as POVERTY, inequality, and Environmental Degradation.

The history of planned development in Tamilnadu dates back to the early 20th century. In 1921, the Madras Presidency Planning Committee was established to develop a plan for the Economic Development of the region. The committee’s report, which was published in 1928, recommended a number of measures to improve the economic condition of the people of Madras Presidency.

In 1950, after India gained independence, the Planning Commission of India was established. The Planning Commission is responsible for formulating and implementing the country’s five-year plans. The first five-year plan for India was launched in 1951. Tamilnadu was one of the states that participated in the first five-year plan.

The Planning Commission of Tamilnadu was established in 1956. The Planning Commission is responsible for formulating and implementing the state’s development plans. The first five-year plan for Tamilnadu was launched in 1961.

The five-year plans have been instrumental in the development of Tamilnadu. The plans have helped to improve the state’s infrastructure, education, Health, and social welfare sectors. The plans have also helped to promote economic growth and development.

Sectoral development is the process of developing specific sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, Industry, and Services. Sectoral development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as providing subsidies, investing in infrastructure, and promoting research and development.

Regional development is the process of developing specific regions of a country or state. Regional development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as providing infrastructure, promoting Investment, and developing human Resources.

Urban development is the process of developing cities and towns. Urban development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as providing infrastructure, promoting investment, and developing human resources.

Rural development is the process of developing rural areas. Rural development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as providing infrastructure, promoting investment, and developing human resources.

Infrastructure Development is the process of developing the physical and social infrastructure of a country or state. Infrastructure development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as building roads, bridges, and Airports; providing electricity, water, and sanitation; and developing education and healthcare facilities.

Social development is the process of improving the Quality Of Life of the people in a country or state. Social development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting health.

Economic development is the process of increasing the wealth of a country or state. Economic development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as increasing productivity, promoting investment, and developing trade.

Environmental development is the process of protecting and improving the environment. Environmental development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as reducing pollution, conserving Natural Resources, and promoting Sustainable Development.

Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting health.

Challenges in Planned Development in Tamilnadu

There are a number of challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve planned development in Tamilnadu. Some of these challenges include:

Poverty: Tamilnadu is one of the poorest states in India. According to the 2011 census, the poverty rate in Tamilnadu is 13.4%.
Inequality: There is a high level of inequality in Tamilnadu. The richest 10% of the population owns more than half of the state’s wealth.
Environmental degradation: Tamilnadu is facing a number of environmental challenges, such as Air Pollution, Water Pollution, and deforestation.
Infrastructure deficit: Tamilnadu has a large infrastructure deficit. The state needs to invest in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and airports.
Human resource development: Tamilnadu needs to invest in human resource development. The state needs to improve the quality of education and healthcare.

Way Forward for Planned Development in Tamilnadu

There are a number of ways to address the challenges of planned development in Tamilnadu. Some of these ways include:

Reducing poverty: The government can reduce poverty by providing employment opportunities, improving education, and promoting health.
Reducing inequality: The government can reduce inequality by providing social security benefits, investing in education, and promoting employment opportunities.
Addressing environmental degradation: The government can address environmental degradation by reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable development.

What is Planned Development?

Planned development is a process of economic and Social Change that is guided by a set of goals and objectives. It is a way of ensuring that development is sustainable and equitable, and that it meets the needs of all people.

What are the benefits of Planned Development?

There are many benefits to planned development, including:

Increased economic growth: Planned development can help to increase economic growth by attracting investment and creating jobs.
Improved infrastructure: Planned development can help to improve infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and hospitals.
Reduced poverty: Planned development can help to reduce poverty by providing people with access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.
Improved environmental sustainability: Planned development can help to improve environmental sustainability by reducing pollution and conserving resources.

What are the challenges of Planned Development?

There are also some challenges associated with planned development, including:

Corruption: Corruption can be a major problem in planned development, as it can lead to the misuse of funds and resources.
Lack of participation: Planned development can be successful only if it is participatory, meaning that all stakeholders are involved in the planning process.
Lack of coordination: Planned development can be difficult to coordinate, as it often involves multiple government agencies and private sector organizations.
Lack of resources: Planned development can be expensive, and it can be difficult to secure the necessary resources.

What are some examples of successful planned development projects?

There are many examples of successful planned development projects around the world, including:

The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB): The EDB is a government agency that is responsible for attracting foreign investment and promoting economic growth in Singapore. The EDB has been very successful in its mission, and Singapore is now one of the most prosperous countries in the world.
The Shenzhen Special Economic Zone: The Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was established in 1980 as a way to promote economic growth in China. The zone has been very successful, and Shenzhen is now one of the most important cities in China.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): The MDGs were a set of eight goals that were adopted by the United Nations in 2000. The goals were to reduce poverty, improve health, education, and Equality/”>Gender Equality, and to promote environmental sustainability. The MDGs were successful in achieving many of their goals, and they helped to improve the lives of millions of people around the world.

What are some examples of failed planned development projects?

There are also some examples of failed planned development projects, including:

The Great Leap Forward: The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign that was launched in China in 1958. The campaign was intended to rapidly industrialize China, but it was a disaster. Millions of people died from starvation and Malnutrition, and the economy was severely damaged.
The Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans: The Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans were a series of economic plans that were implemented from 1928 to 1991. The plans were intended to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union, but they were not successful. The economy was inefficient and there was widespread corruption.
The Khmer Rouge’s Agrarian Socialism: The Khmer Rouge’s Agrarian Socialism was a social and economic system that was implemented in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. The system was based on the idea of self-sufficiency and it led to the deaths of millions of people.

What are the lessons learned from successful and failed planned development projects?

There are many lessons that can be learned from successful and failed planned development projects. Some of the key lessons include:

It is important to have a clear vision and goals for planned development.
It is important to involve all stakeholders in the planning process.
It is important to have a realistic timeline and budget for planned development.
It is important to be flexible and adaptable in the face of challenges.
It is important to monitor and evaluate the progress of planned development.

Which of the following is not a type of planned development?
(A) Economic development
(B) Social development
(C) Political development
(D) Environmental development
Which of the following is not a goal of planned development?
(A) To improve the standard of living
(B) To reduce inequality
(C) To protect the environment
(D) To increase the size of the government
Which of the following is not a tool of planned development?
(A) Taxation
(B) Spending
(C) Regulation
(D) Education
Which of the following is not a criticism of planned development?
(A) It is often inefficient.
(B) It can lead to corruption.
(C) It can stifle innovation.
(D) It can be difficult to implement.
Which of the following is not an example of a successful planned development?
(A) The Marshall Plan
(B) The Green Revolution
(C) The Industrial revolution
(D) The New Deal
Which of the following is not an example of a failed planned development?
(A) The Soviet Union
(B) China
(C) India
(D) Brazil
Which of the following is not a factor that can affect the success of planned development?
(A) The level of economic development
(B) The political system
(C) The culture
(D) The Climate
Which of the following is not a lesson that can be learned from the history of planned development?
(A) It is important to have a clear goal.
(B) It is important to have the right tools.
(C) It is important to have the right people.
(D) It is important to be flexible.
Which of the following is not a challenge that planned development faces in the 21st century?
(A) The rise of Globalization/”>Globalization-3/”>Globalization
(B) The rise of inequality
(C) The rise of Climate Change
(D) The rise of technology
Which of the following is not a potential solution to the challenges of planned development in the 21st century?
(A) More international cooperation
(B) More investment in education
(C) More investment in technology
(D) More investment in infrastructure