Millions of years ago, the Peninsular Plateau region (the oldest landmass) was a part of the Gondwana Land which covered India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Over hundreds of years of shifting landmass and ocean currents broke this landmass into multiple pieces.
.One such piece- the Indo-Australian plate started shifting northwards, where it collided with the Eurasian plate (now Europe). Consequently, this collision caused the landmass to fold and become, what we know as the Himalayas today. Thereafter, many such geological events led to the formation of each of the varied physical features of India.
MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions
- The Himalayan Mountains
- The Northern Plains
- The Peninsular Plateau
- The Indian Desert
- The Coastal Plains
- The Islands
The Himalayan Mountains
The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally Fold Mountains stretch over the northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an Average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks,
The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of Glaciers descend from this range.
The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km. While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones. This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh. This region is well known for its hill stations.
The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. They extend over a width of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north. These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns.
Besides the longitudinal divisions, the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. For example, the part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively. The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas. The Kali and Tista rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas and the part lying between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas. There are regional names also in these broad categories. Find out some regional names of the Himalayas.
The Brahmaputra marks the eastern most boundary of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. They are known as the Purvachal or the Eastern hills and mountains. These hills running through the north-eastern states are mostly composed of strong sandstones which are Sedimentary Rocks. Covered with dense forests, they mostly run as parallel ranges and valleys. The Purvachal comprises the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, Manipur hills and the Mizo hills.
The Northern Plain
The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. This plain is formed of alluvial Soil. The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain. It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The plain being about 2400 Km long and 240 to 320 Km broad, is a densely populated physiographic division. With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable Climate it is agriculturally a very productive part of India.
The rivers coming from northern mountains are involved in depositional work. In the lower course, due to gentle slope, the velocity of the river decreases which results in the formation of riverine islands.
The rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt. These channels are known as distributaries. The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections. The Western part of the Northern Plain is referred to as the Punjab Plains. Formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its tributaries–the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj originate in the Himalaya. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs.
The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread over the states of North India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partly Jharkhand and West Bengal to its East, particularly in Assam lies the Brahmaputra plain. The northern plains are generally deseribed as flat land with no variations in its relief. It is not true. These vast plains also have diverse relief features. According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt. South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as terai. This was a thickly forested region full of wildlife. The forests have been cleared to create agricultural land and to settle migrants from Pakistan after partition. Locate Dudhwa National Park in this region.
The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like feature. This part is known as bhangar. The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture.
The Peninsular Plateau
The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and Metamorphic Rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass. The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. This plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest. The further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan. The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river.
The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north while the Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions. Locate these hills and ranges in the physical map of India. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. An extension of the Plateau is also visible in the northeast– locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and North Cachar Hills. It is separated by a fault from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three Prominent hill ranges from the west to east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills.
The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively. Western Ghats lie parallel to the western coast. They are continuous and can be crossed through passes only. Locate the Thal, Bhor and the Pal Ghats in the Physical map of India.
The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. Their average elevation is 900– 1600 metres as against 600 metres of the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nigiris in the south. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal. The Western Ghats cause orographic rain by facing the rain bearing moist winds to rise along the western slopes of the Ghats. The Western Ghats are known by different local names. The height of the Western Ghats progressively increases from north to south. The highest peaks include the Anai Mudi (2,695metres) and the Doda Betta (2,637 metres). Mahendragiri (1,501 metres) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats. Shevroy Hills and the Javadi Hills are located to the southeast of the Eastern Ghats. Locate the famous hill stations of Udagamandalam, popularly known as Ooty and the Kodaikanal. One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Decean Trap. This is of volcanic origin hence the rocks are igneous. Actually these rocks have denuded over time and are responsible for the formation of black soil. The Aravali Hills lie on the western and northwestern margins of the peninsular plateau. These are highly eroded hills and are found as broken hills. They extend from Gujarat to Delhi in a southwest-northeast direction.
The Indian Desert
The Indian desest lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year. It has arid climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea. Luni is the only large river in this region.
The Coastal Plains
The Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. The western coast, sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, is a narrow plain. It consists of three sections. The northern part of the coast is called the Konkan (Mumbai – Goa), the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast.
The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level. In the northern part, it is referred to as the Northern Circar, while the southern part is known as the Coromandel Coast. Large rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri have formed extensive delta on this coast. Lake Chilika is an important feature along the eastern coast.
Lakes
Kolleru Lake
Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in state of Andhra Pradesh and forms the largest shallow freshwater lake in Asia, 15 kilometers away from the city of Eluru. Kolleru is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas. Kolleru spans into two districts – Krishna and West Godavari. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru streams, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari Irrigation systems by over 67 major and minor irrigation canals. This lake is a major tourist attraction. Many birds migrate here in winter, such as Siberian crane, ibis, and painted storks. The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory birds, including the grey or spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis). The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India’s Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international Ramsar Convention. The wildlife sanctuary covers an area of 308 km2.
Chandubi Lake
Chandubi Lake is a natural lake located in Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council, Kamrup District, Assam at a distance of 64 kilometers from the city of Guwahati accessible through National Highway 37. The lake is located at the foot of Garo hills surrounded by Assam and Meghalaya. The area is covered by deep forest, and small villages. It is a natural sightseeing and picnic spot. This lake attracts migratory birds during winter.
Surajkund
Surajkund is an ancient reservoir of the 10th century located in Faridabad about 8 km (5 miles) from South Delhi. Surajkund (literal meaning is ‘Lake of the Sun’) is an artificial Kund (‘Kund’ means “lake” or reservoir) built in the backdrop of the Aravalli hills with an amphitheatre shaped embankment constructed in semicircular form. It is said to have been built by the king Suraj Pal of Tomar dynasty in the 10th century. Tomar was a sun worshipper and he had therefore built a Sun temple on its western bank.
Gobind Sagar
Gobind Sagar is a man-made reservoir situated in Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh. It is formed by the Bhakra Dam. The reservoir is on the river Sutlej and is named in honour of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru. One of the world’s highest gravity Dams, the Bhakra dam rises nearly 225.5 m above its lowest foundations. Under the supervision of the American dam-builder, Harvey Slocum, work began in the year of 1955 and was completed in 1962. To maintain the level of water, the flow of river Beas was channelized to Gobind Sagar by the Beas-Sutlej link which was accomplished in 1976.
Wular Lake
Wular Lake (also spelt Wullar) is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia[citation needed]. It is sited in Bandipora district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River. The lake’s size varies seasonally from 12 to 100 square miles (30 to 260 square kilometers). In addition, much of the lake has been drained as a result of willow plantations being built on the shore in the 1950s.
Dal Lake
Dal is a lake in Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. The urban lake, which is the second largest in the state, is integral to tourism and recreation in Kashmir and is named the “Jewel in the crown of Kashmir” or “Srinagar’s Jewel”. The lake is also an important source for commercial operations in fishing and water plant harvesting.
Ashtamudi Lake
Ashtamudi Lake in the Kollam District of the Indian state of Kerala, is the most visited backwater and lake in the state. It possesses a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped (also described as octopus-shaped) water body, second only in size to the Vembanad ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM of the state. Ashtamudi means ‘eight braids’ (Ashta : ‘eight’; mudi : ‘hair braids’) in the local Malayalam language. The name is indicative of the lake’s topography with its multiple branches. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.
Vembanad
Vembanad (Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol) is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam, Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi. Several groups of small islands including Vypin, Mulavukad, Vallarpadam, Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion. Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island and the Vallarpadam island.
Bhojtal
Bhojtal, formerly known as Upper Lake, is a large lake which lies on the western side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal. It is a major source of drinking water for the residents of the city, serving around 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million imperial gallons (140,000 m3) of water per day. Bada talaab, along with the nearby Chhota Talaab, meaning small lake in Hindi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.
Loktak Lake
Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India and is famous for the phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil and organic matter at various stages of decomposition) floating over it. The lake is located near Moirang in Manipur state, India. The etymology of Loktak is Lok = “stream” and tak = “the end”. The largest of all the phumdis covers an area of 40 km2 (15 sq mi) and is situated on the southeastern shore of the lake. Located on this phumdi, Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating national park in the world. The park is the last natural refuge of the endangered Sangai (state animal), Rucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer (Cervus eldi eldi), one of three subspecies of Eld’s deer.
Sambhar Salt Lake
The Sambhar Salt Lake, India’s largest inland salt lake, is located 96 km southwest of the city of Jaipur (Northwest India) and 64 km northeast of Ajmer along National Highway 8 in Rajasthan. it surrounds the historical Sambhar Lake Town.
Major glaciers of india
Gangotri Glacier
Gangotri Glacier is one of the largest glaciers in the Himalayas. The glacier is located in the Uttarkashi District of Uttaranchal State falling in the Garhwal Himalayan Region. The snout of the Gangotri Glacier is known as ‘Gomukh’ and a proglacial melt water stream, known as Bhagirathi River, emerges out from Gomukh at an elevation of 4,000m. To reach at the Glacier, one has to trek for about 18 km from the Gangotri town. Rough estimate based on the topography of the area and some field observations suggest that the depth of the glacier is about 200 m. Gangotri Glacier contains a large number of crevasses spread all over the ablation zone. These crevasses are well exposed when seasonal snow accumulated in the ablation zone is depleted.
Dokriani Glacier
The Dokriani Glacier is a valley type glacier located in Garhwal region of Himalayas. This glacier lies between latitudes 31º 49’ to 31º 52’ N and longitudes 78º 47’ to 78º 51’ E. The glacier originates in the vicinity of Janoli (6,633 m) and Draupadi ka Danda (5,716 m) peaks. It is situated about 30 km ENE of Bhukki village. A small stream, known as Din Gad, originates from the Dokriani Glacier. It follows a narrow valley and meets Bhagirathi River at Bhukki. The total drainage area of this glacier is about 23 km2 out of which about 10.3 km2 is glaciated (the remaining part has rock outcrops, slopes, etc.). The elevation of glacier varies from about 3,950-5,800 m and its length is about 5.5 km whereas its width varies from 0.1-2.0 km from snout to the accumulation zone. The middle part of the glacier is highly fractured and consists of crevasses, moulins, glacier table, and ground moraines. The crevasses are mainly transverse type which is wide and long. Sometimes longitudinal crevasses are also seen along the sides of the glacier.
Kolhai Glacier
This glacier is situated in the Lidder Valley in Jammu & Kashmir State and extends from 75º 19’ N to 75º 22’N latitude and 34º 8’E to 34º 12’E longitude. The elevation of the glacier ranges from 3,650 m to 4,800 m. On the basis of orientation and its location in adjoining valleys around the Kolhai peak, the entire glacier can be divided into four parts. The average width of 3 parts of the glacier is approximately 1 km and that of the other part is about 0.75 km. The length of the glacier varies from 2.5 km to 6 km. The glaciated area has been assessed to be around 24 km2.
The Chhota Shigri Glacier
The Chhota Shigri Glacier lies on the northern slope of the main ridge of the Pir Panjal Range in the east of the Rohtang Pass (H.P.). The high, steep ridges and mountain terrain provide an ideal condition for the development of this glacier. The Chhota Shigri Glacier is located at 32º 15’ N and 77º 31’E, covering about 10 km2 area. The total drainage area of Chhota Shigri Glacier stream is approximately 45 km2. There is very high gradient from accumulation to ablation.,
India is a land of contrasts, with a wide variety of physical features. The country is located in South Asia, and its landmass is bordered by Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, and Sri Lanka and the Maldives to the south. India also has a coastline along the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south.
India’s physical features can be divided into four main categories: the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Peninsular Plateau, and the Coastal Plains.
The Himalayas are the world’s highest mountain range, and they form India’s northern border. The Himalayas are a young mountain range, and they are still growing. The mountains are home to many glaciers and snow-capped peaks, including Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world.
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a vast, fertile plain that covers most of northern India. The plain is formed by the Indus and Ganges rivers, which are two of the longest rivers in the world. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is home to most of India’s Population, and it is the country’s most important agricultural region.
The Peninsular Plateau is a large, elevated plateau that covers most of central and southern India. The plateau is composed of ancient rocks, and it is home to many hills and mountains. The Deccan Plateau is the largest part of the Peninsular Plateau, and it is home to the city of Mumbai, India’s financial capital.
The Coastal Plains are a narrow strip of land that runs along India’s coastline. The coastal plains are home to many important Ports, including Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai. The coastal plains are also home to many beautiful beaches.
India’s physical features have had a profound impact on the country’s history and culture. The Himalayas have helped to protect India from invaders from the north, and the Indo-Gangetic Plain has provided a fertile land for agriculture. The Peninsular Plateau has been home to many different cultures over the centuries, and the Coastal Plains have been a major trade route for centuries.
India’s physical features are a source of great beauty and diversity. The country’s mountains, plains, plateaus, and coasts offer something for everyone. Whether you are looking for a place to hike, swim, or relax, India has something to offer.
Physical features of India
- What are the major physical features of India?
India is a land of contrasts, with a wide variety of physical features. The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range, lie in the north, while the Thar Desert lies in the west. The Ganges River, one of the world’s longest rivers, flows through the northern plains. The Deccan Plateau lies in the south, and the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges run along the western and eastern coasts, respectively.
- What are the major rivers of India?
The Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus are the three major rivers of India. The Ganges is the longest river in India, and it is also one of the most sacred rivers in Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism. The Brahmaputra is the second longest river in India, and it is also one of the most important rivers in the world for its Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity. The Indus is the third longest river in India, and it is also one of the most important rivers in the world for its irrigation potential.
- What are the major mountains of India?
The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world, and they lie in the northern part of India. The Himalayas are a major source of water for India, and they also play an important role in the country’s climate.
- What are the major deserts of India?
The Thar Desert is the largest desert in India, and it lies in the northwestern part of the country. The Thar Desert is a hot and dry desert, and it is home to a variety of wildlife, including camels, snakes, and lizards.
- What are the major forests of India?
The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats are two major mountain ranges that run along the western and eastern coasts of India, respectively. These mountain ranges are home to a variety of forests, including tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and coniferous forests.
Location & extension
- Where is India located?
India is located in South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, and Sri Lanka and the Maldives to the south.
- What is the area of India?
The area of India is 3.287 million square kilometers (1.269 million square miles).
- What is the population of India?
The population of India is 1.38 billion people.
- What is the capital of India?
The capital of India is New Delhi.
Geological Structure
- What is the geological structure of India?
The geological structure of India is complex. The northern part of the country is made up of the Himalayas, which are the youngest mountains in the world. The southern part of the country is made up of the Deccan Plateau, which is a stable continental platform.
- What are the major geological features of India?
The major geological features of India include the Himalayas, the Deccan Plateau, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Western Ghats.
- What are the major Earthquakes that have occurred in India?
The major earthquakes that have occurred in India include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the 2011 Sikkim earthquake, and the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
Physical Divisions
- What are the physical divisions of India?
The physical divisions of India are the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Deccan Plateau, the Western Ghats, and the Eastern Ghats.
- What are the major characteristics of each physical division?
The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world. They are a major source of water for India, and they also play an important role in the country’s climate. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a vast plain that lies in the northern part of India. It is a major agricultural region, and it is also home to a large number of people. The Deccan Plateau is a stable continental platform that lies in the southern part of India. It is a major mineral-rich region, and it is also home to a number of important cities. The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats are two mountain ranges that run along the western and eastern coasts of India, respectively. These mountain ranges are home to a variety of forests, including tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and coniferous forests.
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Which of the following is not a physical feature of India?
(A) The Himalayas
(B) The Ganges River
(C) The Thar Desert
(D) The Arabian Sea -
India is located in the _____.
(A) Northern Hemisphere
(B) Southern Hemisphere
(C) Eastern Hemisphere
(D) Western Hemisphere -
India has a total area of _____.
(A) 3.287 million square kilometers
(B) 3.287 million square miles
(C) 2.973 million square kilometers
(D) 2.973 million square miles -
India’s coastline is approximately _____ long.
(A) 7,516 kilometers
(B) 7,516 miles
(C) 6,000 kilometers
(D) 6,000 miles -
India’s highest mountain is _____.
(A) Mount Everest
(B) K2
(C) Kanchenjunga
(D) Dhaulagiri -
India’s longest river is _____.
(A) The Ganges
(B) The Brahmaputra
(C) The Indus
(D) The Narmada -
India’s largest desert is _____.
(A) The Thar Desert
(B) The Great Indian Desert
(C) The Western Ghats
(D) The Eastern Ghats -
India’s capital city is _____.
(A) New Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Chennai
(D) Kolkata -
India’s Official Language is _____.
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Bengali
(D) Punjabi -
India’s population is approximately _____.
(A) 1.3 billion
(B) 1.2 billion
(C) 1.1 billion
(D) 1 billion -
India is a _____.
(A) Republic
(B) Democracy
(C) Federal State
(D) All of the above -
India is a member of the _____.
(A) United Nations
(B) Commonwealth of Nations
(C) Non-Aligned Movement
(D) All of the above -
India is a major producer of _____.
(A) Tea
(B) Coffee
(C) Spices
(D) All of the above -
India is a major tourist destination for _____.
(A) Pilgrims
(B) Beachgoers
(C) Nature lovers
(D) All of the above -
India is a land of _____.
(A) Diversity
(B) Culture
(C) History
(D) All of the above