Peasant Uprisings

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  • Many dispossessed peasants took to robbery and dacoity.
  • Indigo Revolt of 1859-60
  • By the end of 1860 indigo cultivation was virtually wiped out from the districts of Bengal
  • A major reason for the success of the Indigo revolt was the tremendous initiative, cooperation, organization and discipline of the ryots.
  • Another was the complete unity among Hindu and Muslim peasants
  • Another significant feature was the role of intelligentsia of Bengal which organized a powerful campaign in support of the rebellious peasantry.
  • The government’s response to the revolt was rather restrained and not as harsh as in the case of Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings.
  • The government appointed the Indigo Commission to enquire into the problems of indigo cultivation. The report of the commission exposed the coercion and Corruption in indigo cultivation
  • The government issued a notification in November 1960 that ryots could not be compelled to sow indigo and all disputes were to be settled by legal means.

    • Late Peasant Movements

    • Three important peasant movements of the early twentieth century:
      • Kisan Sabha and Eka movements in Avadh in UP
      • Mappila rebellion in Malabar
      • Bardoli Satyagrah in Gujarat
    • The UP Kisan Sabha was set up in February 1918 through the efforts of Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narain Dwivedi with the support of Madan Mohan Malviya.
    • By June 1919, it had established about 450 branches in 173 tehsils of the province.
    • In August 1921, Mappila (Muslim) tenants rebelled. Their grievances related to lack of any security of tenure, renewal fees, high rents and other oppressive labndlord exactions.
    • The no-tax movement was launched in Bardoli taluq of Surat district in Gujarat in 1928.

     

    The Working Class Movements

    • There were some working class movements in second half of 19th However, they were impulsive and not very well organized.
    • The early nationalists had a lukewarm Attitude towards the question of workers. This war because initially Congress wanted to focus on issues which were of common concern to all the people of India.
    • There was a difference in attitude of the nationalists towards workers in indigenous and European enterprises.
    • The most important feature of the labour movement during the Swadeshi days was the shift from agitation and struggles on purely economic questions to the involvement of the worker with the wider political issues of the day.
    • The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920.
    • IN 1918 Gandhi founded the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association.
    • The AITUC in November 1927 took a decision to boycott the Simon Commission and many workers participated in the massive Simon boycott demonstrations.
    • Alarmed by worker’s movement, the government enacted repressive laws like the Public Safety Act and Trade Disputes Acts and arrested the entire radical Leadership of the labour movement and launched the Meerut Conspiracy Case against them.
    • The labour movement suffered a major setback partially due to this government offensive and partially due to a shift in stance of the communist led wing of the movement.
    • From the end of 1928, the communists stopped aligning them with the national movement.
    • Communists got isolated within the AITUC and were thrown out in the split of 1931.
    • BY 1934, the communists re-entered the mainstream nationalist politics.
    • The working class of Bombay held an anti-war strike on 2 October, 1939.
    • With the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, the communists changed their policy and asked the people to support the allied forces instead of holding anti-war strikes.
    • The communists dissociated themselves from the Quit India Movement launched in 1942.
    • The last years of colonial rule also saw a remarkably sharp increase in strikes on economic issues all over the country – the all India strike of the post and telegraph department employees being the most well known among them.

     

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    Peasant uprisings have been a common occurrence throughout history, and they have played a significant role in shaping the course of human events. In this ARTICLE, we will explore the history of peasant uprisings, from their earliest beginnings to the present day. We will discuss the causes of peasant uprisings, their consequences, and some of the most famous examples of peasant revolts.

    Peasant uprisings are often motivated by a desire for social and economic Justice. Peasants have historically been exploited by their landlords and rulers, and they have often risen up in rebellion against their oppressors. Peasant uprisings have also been motivated by religious and political grievances. In some cases, peasants have rebelled against the established order in order to establish their own religious or political systems.

    Peasant uprisings have had a significant impact on history. They have helped to overthrow governments, to bring about social and economic change, and to spread new ideas and ideologies. Peasant uprisings have also been a source of inspiration for artists, writers, and musicians.

    The following are some of the most famous examples of peasant uprisings:

    • The Jacquerie (1358): The Jacquerie was a peasant uprising in France that took place during the Hundred Years’ War. The uprising was sparked by the harsh treatment of peasants by the French nobility. The Jacquerie was brutally suppressed, but it served as a warning to the French nobility of the dangers of peasant unrest.
    • The Peasant Revolt of 1524–1525 (Germany): The Peasant Revolt of 1524–1525 was a major peasant uprising in Germany. The uprising was sparked by the religious and social reforms of Martin Luther. The peasants demanded religious freedom, economic justice, and an end to serfdom. The revolt was brutally suppressed, but it had a significant impact on the development of the Protestant Reformation.
    • The Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864): The Taiping Rebellion was a major peasant uprising in China. The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The Taiping rebels sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish a new kingdom based on Christian principles. The rebellion was brutally suppressed, but it had a significant impact on Chinese history.
    • The Russian Revolution of 1905: The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a major uprising of workers and peasants in Russia. The uprising was sparked by the harsh conditions of life for the working class and the peasants. The revolution led to the establishment of a Monarchy/”>Constitutional monarchy in Russia, but it also served as a precursor to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
    • The Chinese Revolution of 1949: The Chinese Revolution of 1949 was a major uprising of peasants and workers in China. The revolution was led by the Communist Party of China, which sought to overthrow the Kuomintang government and establish a communist state. The revolution was successful, and the Communist Party of China has ruled China ever since.

    Peasant uprisings continue to occur in the 21st century. In recent years, there have been major peasant uprisings in countries such as Mexico, India, and Brazil. These uprisings have been motivated by a variety of factors, including POVERTY, inequality, and Environmental Degradation. Peasant uprisings are a reminder that the struggle for social and economic justice is an ongoing one.

    Peasant uprisings have been a significant part of human history, and they continue to play a role in the world today. They have helped to shape the course of history, and they have inspired artists, writers, and musicians. Peasant uprisings are a reminder that the struggle for social and economic justice is an ongoing one.

    What is a peasant uprising?

    A peasant uprising is an Armed Rebellion by peasants against their landlords or the government.

    What are the causes of peasant uprisings?

    Peasant uprisings are often caused by poverty, oppression, and lack of opportunity.

    What are the effects of peasant uprisings?

    Peasant uprisings can have a significant impact on the political and social landscape. They can lead to changes in government, land reform, and the redistribution of wealth.

    What are some famous examples of peasant uprisings?

    Some famous examples of peasant uprisings include the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and the Chinese Revolution.

    What are some of the challenges faced by peasants in today’s world?

    Peasants in today’s world face a number of challenges, including poverty, lack of access to Education and healthcare, and environmental degradation.

    What are some of the ways in which peasants are organizing to address these challenges?

    Peasants are organizing in a number of ways to address these challenges, including through peasant unions, cooperatives, and social movements.

    What are some of the successes that peasants have achieved in recent years?

    Peasants have achieved a number of successes in recent years, including land reform, the establishment of cooperatives, and the passage of laws that protect their rights.

    What are some of the challenges that peasant movements face in the future?

    Peasant movements face a number of challenges in the future, including the continued concentration of land ownership, the expansion of agribusiness, and the effects of Climate change.

    What can be done to support peasant movements?

    There are a number of things that can be done to support peasant movements, including:

    • Raising awareness about the challenges faced by peasants
    • Supporting peasant organizations
    • Advocating for policies that support peasants
    • Investing in sustainable agriculture

    1. Which of the following is not a cause of peasant uprisings?
      (A) Economic hardship
      (B) Political oppression
      (C) Religious persecution
      (D) Natural disasters

    2. Which of the following is not a result of peasant uprisings?
      (A) The overthrow of the government
      (B) The redistribution of land
      (C) The improvement of living conditions for peasants
      (D) The establishment of a new social order

    3. Which of the following is an example of a peasant uprising?
      (A) The French Revolution
      (B) The Russian Revolution
      (C) The Chinese Revolution
      (D) The American Revolution

    4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of peasant uprisings?
      (A) They are often spontaneous and unplanned.
      (B) They are usually led by peasants who are dissatisfied with their economic and social conditions.
      (C) They often result in violence and bloodshed.
      (D) They can lead to significant changes in the political and social order.

    5. Which of the following is not a factor that can contribute to peasant uprisings?
      (A) A history of oppression and exploitation
      (B) A lack of economic opportunities
      (C) A sense of injustice
      (D) A strong sense of community

    6. Which of the following is not a goal of peasant uprisings?
      (A) To overthrow the government
      (B) To improve living conditions for peasants
      (C) To establish a new social order
      (D) To protect the Environment

    7. Which of the following is not a strategy that peasant uprisings have used?
      (A) Armed rebellion
      (B) Nonviolent resistance
      (C) Guerrilla warfare
      (D) Civil disobedience

    8. Which of the following is not a result of peasant uprisings?
      (A) The overthrow of the government
      (B) The redistribution of land
      (C) The improvement of living conditions for peasants
      (D) The establishment of a new social order

    9. Which of the following is an example of a peasant uprising that was successful in achieving its goals?
      (A) The French Revolution
      (B) The Russian Revolution
      (C) The Chinese Revolution
      (D) The American Revolution

    10. Which of the following is an example of a peasant uprising that was unsuccessful in achieving its goals?
      (A) The Taiping Rebellion
      (B) The Boxer Rebellion
      (C) The Indian Rebellion of 1857
      (D) The Mexican Revolution

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