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Petroleum, natural gas, coal, nitrogen, uranium and water power are examples of conventional sources of energy. They’re also called non-renewable sources of energy and are mainly fossil fuels, except water power.
Rising Growth of Population has created a tremendous pressure on the conventional Resources of energy and thus the Concept of Sustainable Development get prominent position.
[su_heading size=”21″]Coal[/su_heading]
Coal in India occurs in two important types of coal fields. They are the Gondwana coal fields and Tertiary coal fields. Out of the total coal reserves and production in India, Gondwana coal fields contribute 98% and the rest 2% is produced by tertiary coal fields.
- The Gondwana coal fields are located in the sedimentary rock systems of lower Gondwana Age. They are distributed chiefly in the valleys of the Damodar (Bihar – West Bengal); the Son (Madhya Pradesh); the Mahanadi (Orissa), the Godavari (Andhra Pradesh) and the Wardha (Maharashtra).
- Tetiary coalfields occur in the extra-peninsular areas which include Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Sikkim
[su_heading size=”21″]Oil and Natural Gas [/su_heading]
Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age. In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold. The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or sandstone through which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layers.
Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks. Gas, being lighter usually occurs above the oil. About 63 per cent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High, 18 per cent from Gujarat and 16 per cent from Assam.
[su_heading size=”21″]Nuclear Resources [/su_heading]
- In India, uranium is embedded in the igneous and Metamorphic Rocks in Bihar, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Himalayas. It occurs in Igneous Rocks of Bihar, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. A substantial source of uranium deposits is also found in the monazite sands along the Kerala coasts.
- In Jaduguda, Jharkhand uranium occurs associated with hard compact and somewhat mylonitised chlorite-sericite schist and granular metasedimentaries. Indicated Ore reserves at Jaduguda have been estimated at 2.8 Mt with an Average grade of about 0.08% uranium oxide. Uranium is found associated with copper mineralisation in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand and Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
Mazor Atomic Minerals are:
- Uranium
- Monazite
- Ilmenite
- Rutile
- Zircon
Thorium is principally obtained from monazite. The beach sands of Kerala in Palghat and Quilon district contain the world’s richest monazite deposits. It also occurs on the sands of Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh.
Development of non-conventional sources of energy is of prime importance for the sustainable and Inclusive Growth in the state. Conventional Energy Resources are depleting at an accelerated rate and non-conventional resources could play a leading role in Energy Security in the state.
Non-Conventional energy resources could minimise the transmission cost and energy divide between the remote locations
[su_heading size=”21″]Solar[/su_heading]
- Indian has a unique geographical location in the tropical Climate which enables it with high solar radiation intensity throughout the year.
- Solar radiation which we receive as heat and Light can be converted to useful thermal energy or for production of electricity either through solar photovoltaic route or through solar thermal route.
- Sky is clear with abundant sunlight for about 300 days a year
- Solar insulation is greater than 4-7 kwh per square per metre per day for the nation.
- Solar Energy could be used as heat energy or could be converted into electricity through photovoltic cells
- National Solar Mission
[su_heading size=”21″]Wind[/su_heading]
- Wind can be used as a Source Of Energy in those regions where strong and constant winds blow throughout the year. Wind Energy can be used for pumping water for Irrigation and also for generating electricity. India has about 45,000MW estimated wind power potential. Prospective sites for generating electricity wind have been located in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. The potential that can be tapped at present is limited to around 13,000 MW. But at present 2,483MW is generated through wind which places India in the fifth position globally after Germany, USA, Denmark and Spain.
[su_heading size=”21″]Hydro Electricity[/su_heading]
Hydroelectricity is electricity that is made by the movement of water. It is usually made with Dams that block a river to make a reservoir or collect water that is pumped there. When the water is released, the huge pressure behind the dam forces the water down pipes that lead to a turbine.
The rivers originating from the northern mountainous region are the most important source of the generation of Hydroelectricity . They have their sources in Glaciers and snowfields, therefore, they are perennial and their flow of water is regular throughout the year. Velocity of flow is high because of dissected terrain and the competition for use of water for other purposes is low.
The northeastern part of this mountainous region, constituting the Brahmaputra basin, has the largest power generating potential. The Indus basin in the northwest is at second place. The Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga have a potential of 11,000 MW. Thus, three-fourths of the total potential is confined in the river basins originating from the northern mountainous region.
The rivers of peninsular India are comparatively poor in this respect. They depend entirely on the rainfall for their flow, and therefore, their flow is very erratic exceptionally high flow during the monsoon period fol1owed by a long period of lean flow,
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the three main types of fossil fuels. They are non-renewable resources that formed from the remains of ancient Plants and animals that were buried and subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years.
Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants that have been buried and subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. It is a non-renewable resource that is used to generate electricity, produce steel, and make other products.
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. It is found in three main types: bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. Bituminous coal is the most common type of coal and is used to generate electricity. Subbituminous coal is less common than bituminous coal and is used to produce steel. Lignite is the least common type of coal and is used to generate electricity and produce chemicals.
Coal is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. When coal is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the Atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, which contributes to Climate Change.
Petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient Marine Organisms that have been buried and subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. It is a non-renewable resource that is used to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other products.
Petroleum is found in underground reservoirs. It is extracted from the ground using a process called oil drilling. Once it is extracted, petroleum is refined into gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other products.
Petroleum is a major source of energy in the world. It is used to power cars, trucks, airplanes, and other vehicles. It is also used to generate electricity and produce chemicals.
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have been buried and subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. It is a non-renewable resource that is used to generate electricity, heat homes and businesses, and produce chemicals.
Natural gas is found in underground reservoirs. It is extracted from the ground using a process called natural gas drilling. Once it is extracted, natural gas is processed to remove impurities and then transported to homes and businesses through pipelines.
Natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel than coal or petroleum. When natural gas is burned, it releases less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than coal or petroleum.
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are all important resources that are used to generate energy and produce products. However, they are all non-renewable resources that are finite in supply. As the world’s population continues to grow, the demand for these resources will increase. This will put a strain on the Environment and lead to higher prices for energy and products.
It is important to develop alternative energy sources that are renewable and sustainable. These alternative energy sources include solar power, wind power, and hydropower. These energy sources do not produce greenhouse gases and do not contribute to climate change.
It is also important to conserve energy and use resources more efficiently. This can be done by using energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs, and by driving less and walking or biking more. By conserving energy, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and protect the environment.
What are the different types of minerals?
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solid substances with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. There are over 4,000 known minerals, but only a few are common. The most common minerals are quartz, feldspar, and mica.
What are the uses of minerals?
Minerals are used in a variety of products, including construction materials, electronics, and jewelry. Some common uses of minerals include:
- Construction materials: Minerals such as sand, gravel, and limestone are used in the construction of roads, buildings, and other structures.
- Electronics: Minerals such as silicon and copper are used in the manufacture of electronics, such as computers and cell phones.
- Jewelry: Minerals such as diamonds and rubies are used in jewelry.
What are the benefits of using minerals?
Minerals provide a number of benefits, including:
- They are essential for life. Minerals are found in all living things and are essential for their growth and development.
- They are used in a variety of products. Minerals are used in a variety of products, including construction materials, electronics, and jewelry.
- They are a renewable resource. Minerals are a renewable resource, meaning that they can be replaced over time.
What are the risks of using minerals?
Mining can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including:
- Air Pollution: Mining can release dust and other pollutants into the air.
- Water Pollution: Mining can contaminate water supplies with sediment, metals, and other pollutants.
- Land degradation: Mining can damage land and make it unusable for other purposes.
Mining can also have a number of negative social impacts, including:
- Health problems: Mining can expose workers to hazardous materials and cause health problems such as respiratory problems, cancer, and birth defects.
- Human Rights abuses: Mining can lead to human rights abuses, such as forced labor and child labor.
- Community displacement: Mining can displace communities from their homes and land.
What are the alternatives to using minerals?
There are a number of alternatives to using minerals, including:
- Recycled materials: Recycled materials can be used in place of minerals in a variety of products.
- Synthetic materials: Synthetic materials can be manufactured to replace minerals in some products.
- Bio-based materials: Bio-based materials can be derived from plants or other organic materials and can be used in place of minerals in some products.
What is the future of mineral use?
The future of mineral use is uncertain. The demand for minerals is expected to increase as the global population grows and economies develop. However, the supply of minerals is limited and mining can have a number of negative environmental and social impacts. It is important to find ways to use minerals more efficiently and to develop alternatives to mineral use.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a type of mineral?
(A) Metallic
(B) Non-metallic
(C) Conventional
(D) All of the above
Answer
(C)
Question 2
Which of the following is a non-metallic mineral?
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Copper
(D) Quartz
Answer
(D)
Question 3
Which of the following is a conventional mineral?
(A) Coal
(B) Petroleum
(C) Natural gas
(D) All of the above
Answer
(D)
Question 4
Which of the following is not a use of minerals?
(A) Building materials
(B) Jewelry
(C) Electronics
(D) Fuel
Answer
(D)
Question 5
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral on Earth?
(A) Quartz
(B) Feldspar
(C) Gypsum
(D) Calcite
Answer
(A)
Question 6
Which of the following is the most valuable mineral on Earth?
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Platinum
(D) Rhodium
Answer
(A)
Question 7
Which of the following is the most common type of gemstone?
(A) Diamond
(B) Ruby
(C) Sapphire
(D) Emerald
Answer
(A)
Question 8
Which of the following is the most common type of fossil fuel?
(A) Coal
(B) Petroleum
(C) Natural gas
(D) All of the above
Answer
(D)
Question 9
Which of the following is the most common type of RENEWABLE ENERGY source?
(A) Solar power
(B) Wind power
(C) Hydropower
(D) Geothermal power
Answer
(A)
Question 10
Which of the following is the most common type of non-renewable energy source?
(A) Coal
(B) Petroleum
(C) Natural gas
(D) Nuclear power
Answer
(A)