<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-thrust-of-the-scientific-policy-resolution/”>The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing vulnerability in strategic areas .
The Science and Technology Policy, 2003 launched a massive programme for attracting our best talents to the arena of research in basic sciences, so that India continues to earn respect in a competitive knowledge Society.
The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP), 2013 has put our science, technology an innovation (STI) system as the driver for faster, sustainable and Growth-3/”>Inclusive Growth .
The latest policy envisages creation of a new STI ecosystem, which finds solutions to societal problems and facilitates the entire innovation chain from knowledge to wealth creation, while at the same time attracting best students to this area, ensuring a premier position for India in the scientific world.
Investments in Science and Technology
- Global investments in science, technology and innovation are estimated at $1.2 trillion as of 2009. India’s R&D Investment is less than 2.5% of this and is currently under 1 % of the GDP.
- Increasing Gross Expenditure in Research and Development (GERD) to 2% of the GDP has been a national goal for some time.
- Achieving this in the next five years is realizable if the private sector raises its R&D investment to at least match the public sector R&D investment from the current ratio of around 1 :3. The new paradigm is “Science technology and innovation for the people”.
Position in Research Publications
- The gross budgetary support for the science and technology sector has significantly increased during the last decade. The impact of such increase is becoming evident.
- India ranks ninth globally in the number of scientific publications and 12th in the number of patents filed. The Composite Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Indian publications is around 12±1% and India’s global share has increased from 1.8% in 2001 to 3.5% in 2011.
- But the Percentage of Indian publications in the top 1 % impact making journals is only 2.5%.
- By 2020, the global share of publications must double and the number of papers in the top 1 % journals must quadruple from the current levels.
Key Elements:
- Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.
- Enhancing skill for applications of science among the young from all social strata.
- Making careers in science, research and innovation attractive enough for talented and bright minds.
- Establishing world class Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE for R&D for gaining global Leadership in some select frontier areas of science.
- Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
- Linking contributions of science, research and innovation system with the inclusive economic growth agenda and combining priorities of excellence and relevance.
- Creating an Environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in R&D.
- Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications by replicating hitherto successful models as well as establishing of new PPP structures.
- Seeding S&T-based high-risk innovations through new mechanisms.
- Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size and technology domains.
- Triggering changes in the mindset and value systems to recognize, respect and reward performances which create wealth from S& T derived knowledge.
- Creating a robust national innovation system
Focus of the Policy
- Facilitating private sector investment in R&D centres in India and overseas.
- Promoting establishment of large R&D facilities in PPP mode with provisions for benefits sharing.
- Permitting multi stakeholders participation in the Indian R&D system.
- Treating R&D in the private sector at par with public institutions for availing public funds. Bench marking of R&D funding mechanisms and patterns globally.
- Modifying IPR policy to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and for co-sharing IPRs generated under PPP.
- Launching newer mechanisms for nurturing Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-led Entrepreneurship.
- Providing incentives for commercialization of innovations with focus on green manufacturing Important Observations Policy places greater thrust on innovation, establishing research institutes and encourage Women scientists with an aim to position itself among the top five scientific powers in the world by 2020.
- It talks about modifying the intellectual property regime to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and co-sharing of patents generated in the public private PARTNERSHIP mode.
- Aims at producing and nurturing talent in science, to stimulate research in universities, to develop young leaders in the field of science and to reward performance.
- Seeks to create a policy environment for greater private sector participation in research and innovation and to forge international alliances and collaborations to meet the national agenda.
- Talks of raising gross expenditure in R&D to two per cent of GDP from the current one per cent in this decade by encouraging enhanced private sector contribution.
- Seeks to trigger an ecosystem for innovative abilities to flourish by leveraging partnerships among diverse stakeholders and by encouraging and facilitating enterprises to invest in innovations.
Criticism:
The policy hardly describes any structural or procedural changes which will achieve the grand goal of integrating science, technology and innovation to create value in an inclusive manner.,
The National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation (NSTI) is a policy document that outlines the government’s vision for science, technology and innovation (STI) in India. The policy was released in 2013 and is intended to guide the development of STI in India over the next 20 years.
The NSTI policy has six sub-topics:
- Vision and Goals
- Institutional Framework
- Human Resources
- Research and Development
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship
- International Cooperation
The policy document provides a detailed discussion of each of these sub-topics. It also includes a number of action items that the government intends to take to implement the policy.
The NSTI policy is a significant document that has the potential to have a major impact on the development of STI in India. The policy is ambitious and comprehensive, and it is clear that the government is committed to making STI a priority. However, the success of the policy will depend on the government’s ability to implement it effectively.
Vision and Goals
The vision of the NSTI policy is to make India a “knowledge economy” and a “global leader in science, technology and innovation.” The policy’s goals include:
- Increasing the contribution of STI to India’s GDP
- Promoting the development of new technologies and products
- Improving the Quality Of Life of the Indian people
- Strengthening India’s position in the global economy
Institutional Framework
The NSTI policy proposes to create a new institutional framework for STI in India. This framework will include a number of new institutions, such as a National Science and Technology Council, a National Innovation Council, and a National Research Foundation. The policy also proposes to strengthen existing institutions, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Institutes of Science.
Human Resources
The NSTI policy recognizes that human resources are essential for the development of STI. The policy proposes to increase the number of scientists, engineers, and technicians in India. The policy also proposes to improve the quality of Education in science and technology.
Research and Development
The NSTI policy proposes to increase the amount of research and development (R&D) that is conducted in India. The policy proposes to increase the funding for R&D, both from the government and from the private sector. The policy also proposes to improve the infrastructure for R&D, such as laboratories and equipment.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship
The NSTI policy proposes to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in India. The policy proposes to provide financial support for start-ups and small businesses. The policy also proposes to create a more favorable environment for innovation, such as by reducing the regulatory burden on businesses.
International Cooperation
The NSTI policy proposes to increase international cooperation in STI. The policy proposes to sign more agreements with other countries on STI. The policy also proposes to increase the participation of Indian scientists and engineers in international conferences and workshops.
The NSTI policy is a significant document that has the potential to have a major impact on the development of STI in India. The policy is ambitious and comprehensive, and it is clear that the government is committed to making STI a priority. However, the success of the policy will depend on the government’s ability to implement it effectively.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about science, technology, and innovation:
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What is science?
Science is a way of knowing about the world around us. It is based on evidence and experimentation. Scientists use their knowledge of science to make predictions about the future and to develop new technologies. -
What is technology?
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. It includes things like computers, cars, and airplanes. Technology has made our lives easier and more comfortable. -
What is innovation?
Innovation is the process of creating new ideas and products. It is essential for economic growth and development. Innovation can be driven by new technologies, new ways of doing things, or new markets. -
What are the benefits of science, technology, and innovation?
Science, technology, and innovation have many benefits. They can improve our Health, our environment, and our economy. They can also help us to understand the world around us and to solve problems. -
What are the challenges of science, technology, and innovation?
Science, technology, and innovation also have some challenges. They can be expensive, and they can sometimes lead to unintended consequences. They can also be used for harmful purposes, such as developing weapons. -
What is the future of science, technology, and innovation?
The future of science, technology, and innovation is bright. We are living in a time of rapid technological change, and there is no doubt that this will continue in the future. New technologies will continue to emerge, and they will have a profound impact on our lives. -
How can we ensure that science, technology, and innovation are used for good?
It is important to ensure that science, technology, and innovation are used for good. We need to make sure that they are used to improve our lives and to solve problems, not to harm people or the environment. We also need to make sure that they are accessible to everyone, not just to a privileged few. -
What can I do to help promote science, technology, and innovation?
There are many things you can do to help promote science, technology, and innovation. You can learn about science and technology, and you can share your knowledge with others. You can also support organizations that promote science, technology, and innovation. And you can vote for leaders who support science, technology, and innovation.
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Which of the following is not a goal of the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation?
(A) To promote research and development in science and technology
(B) To develop human resources in science and technology
(C) To promote the use of science and technology for social and Economic Development
(D) To increase the number of scientists and engineers in the country -
Which of the following is not a strategy for achieving the goals of the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation?
(A) To establish a national research and development Network
(B) To provide incentives for research and development
(C) To promote the commercialization of research and development results
(D) To increase the number of science and technology parks in the country -
Which of the following is not a challenge to the implementation of the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation?
(A) The lack of funding for research and development
(B) The brain drain of scientists and engineers from the country
(C) The lack of coordination among government agencies involved in science and technology
(D) The lack of public awareness of the importance of science and technology -
Which of the following is not a benefit of the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation?
(A) Increased economic growth
(B) Improved quality of life
(C) Increased national security
(D) Reduced environmental pollution -
Which of the following is not a role of the government in science and technology?
(A) To provide funding for research and development
(B) To regulate research and development activities
(C) To promote the commercialization of research and development results
(D) To provide education and training in science and technology -
Which of the following is not a role of the private sector in science and technology?
(A) To conduct research and development
(B) To produce and market science and technology products and Services
(C) To invest in science and technology education and training
(D) To provide EMPLOYMENT for scientists and engineers -
Which of the following is not a role of the civil society in science and technology?
(A) To raise public awareness of the importance of science and technology
(B) To advocate for the use of science and technology for social and economic development
(C) To monitor the government’s implementation of the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation
(D) To provide feedback to the government on the National Policy on Science Technology and Innovation -
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a knowledge economy?
(A) A high level of investment in research and development
(B) A large number of scientists and engineers
(C) A strong focus on innovation
(D) A high level of economic inequality -
Which of the following is not a challenge to the development of a knowledge economy?
(A) The brain drain of scientists and engineers from the country
(B) The lack of coordination among government agencies involved in science and technology
(C) The lack of public awareness of the importance of science and technology
(D) The lack of funding for research and development -
Which of the following is not a benefit of a knowledge economy?
(A) Increased economic growth
(B) Improved quality of life
(C) Increased national security
(D) Reduced environmental pollution