National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation

<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-thrust-of-the-scientific-policy-resolution/”>The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing vulnerability in strategic areas .

The Science and Technology Policy, 2003 launched a massive programme for attracting our best talents to the arena of research in basic sciences, so that India continues to earn respect in a competitive knowledge Society.

The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP), 2013 has put our science, technology an innovation (STI) system as the driver for faster, sustainable and Growth-3/”>Inclusive Growth .

The latest policy envisages creation of a new STI ecosystem, which finds solutions to societal problems and facilitates the entire innovation chain from knowledge to wealth creation, while at the same time attracting best students to this area, ensuring a premier position for India in the scientific world.

Investments in Science and Technology

Global investments in science, technology and innovation are estimated at $1.2 trillion as of 2009. India’s R&D Investment is less than 2.5% of this and is currently under 1 % of the GDP.
Increasing Gross Expenditure in Research and Development (GERD) to 2% of the GDP has been a national goal for some time.
Achieving this in the next five years is realizable if the private sector raises its R&D investment to at least match the public sector R&D investment from the current ratio of around 1 :3. The new paradigm is “Science technology and innovation for the people”.

Position in Research Publications

The gross budgetary support for the science and technology sector has significantly increased during the last decade. The impact of such increase is becoming evident.
India ranks ninth globally in the number of scientific publications and 12th in the number of patents filed. The Composite Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Indian publications is around 12±1% and India’s global share has increased from 1.8% in 2001 to 3.5% in 2011.
But the Percentage of Indian publications in the top 1 % impact making journals is only 2.5%.
By 2020, the global share of publications must double and the number of papers in the top 1 % journals must quadruple from the current levels.

Key Elements:

Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.
Enhancing skill for applications of science among the young from all social strata.
Making careers in science, research and innovation attractive enough for talented and bright minds.
Establishing world class Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE for R&D for gaining global Leadership in some select frontier areas of science.
Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
Linking contributions of science, research and innovation system with the inclusive economic growth agenda and combining priorities of excellence and relevance.
Creating an Environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in R&D.
Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications by replicating hitherto successful models as well as establishing of new PPP structures.
Seeding S&T-based high-risk innovations through new mechanisms.
Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size and technology domains.
Triggering changes in the mindset and value systems to recognize, respect and reward performances which create wealth from S& T derived knowledge.
Creating a robust national innovation system

Focus of the Policy

Facilitating private sector investment in R&D centres in India and overseas.
Promoting establishment of large R&D facilities in PPP mode with provisions for benefits sharing.
Permitting multi stakeholders participation in the Indian R&D system.
Treating R&D in the private sector at par with public institutions for availing public funds. Bench marking of R&D funding mechanisms and patterns globally.
Modifying IPR policy to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and for co-sharing IPRs generated under PPP.
Launching newer mechanisms for nurturing Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-led Entrepreneurship.
Providing incentives for commercialization of innovations with focus on green manufacturing Important Observations Policy places greater thrust on innovation, establishing research institutes and encourage Women scientists with an aim to position itself among the top five scientific powers in the world by 2020.
It talks about modifying the intellectual property regime to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and co-sharing of patents generated in the public private PARTNERSHIP mode.
Aims at producing and nurturing talent in science, to stimulate research in universities, to develop young leaders in the field of science and to reward performance.
Seeks to create a policy environment for greater private sector participation in research and innovation and to forge international alliances and collaborations to meet the national agenda.
Talks of raising gross expenditure in R&D to two per cent of GDP from the current one per cent in this decade by encouraging enhanced private sector contribution.
Seeks to trigger an ecosystem for innovative abilities to flourish by leveraging partnerships among diverse stakeholders and by encouraging and facilitating enterprises to invest in innovations.

Criticism:

The policy hardly describes any structural or procedural changes which will achieve the grand goal of integrating science, technology and innovation to create value in an inclusive manner.,

The National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation (NSTI) is a policy document that outlines the government’s vision for science, technology, and innovation in India. The policy was released in 2013 and has four main objectives:

To promote scientific research and innovation
To develop human Resources in science and technology
To create an enabling environment for innovation
To promote the use of science and technology for social and Economic Development

The NSTI has a number of sub-topics, including:

Research and development
Human Resources Development
Innovation and entrepreneurship
Technology transfer and commercialization
Science and technology for social and economic development
International cooperation

The NSTI is a comprehensive policy document that provides a roadmap for the development of science, technology, and innovation in India. The policy is aligned with the government’s overall development goals and is expected to have a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

Research and development

The NSTI aims to promote scientific research and innovation in India. The policy provides for the establishment of new research institutions, the strengthening of existing research institutions, and the promotion of research collaboration between academia, Industry, and government. The policy also provides for the funding of research projects that have the potential to make a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

Human resources development

The NSTI aims to develop human resources in science and technology. The policy provides for the establishment of new educational institutions, the strengthening of existing educational institutions, and the promotion of science and technology Education at all levels. The policy also provides for the funding of scholarships and fellowships for students pursuing studies in science and technology.

Innovation and entrepreneurship

The NSTI aims to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in India. The policy provides for the establishment of new incubators and accelerators, the strengthening of existing incubators and accelerators, and the promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship among students, researchers, and entrepreneurs. The policy also provides for the funding of innovation and entrepreneurship projects that have the potential to make a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

Technology transfer and commercialization

The NSTI aims to promote technology transfer and commercialization in India. The policy provides for the establishment of new technology transfer offices, the strengthening of existing technology transfer offices, and the promotion of technology transfer and commercialization among academia, industry, and government. The policy also provides for the funding of technology transfer and commercialization projects that have the potential to make a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

Science and technology for social and economic development

The NSTI aims to promote the use of science and technology for social and economic development in India. The policy provides for the establishment of new research centers, the strengthening of existing research centers, and the promotion of research on the use of science and technology for social and economic development. The policy also provides for the funding of research projects that have the potential to make a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

International cooperation

The NSTI aims to promote international cooperation in science, technology, and innovation. The policy provides for the establishment of new international partnerships, the strengthening of existing international partnerships, and the promotion of international cooperation in science, technology, and innovation. The policy also provides for the funding of international cooperation projects that have the potential to make a significant impact on the country’s economy and society.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about science, technology, and innovation:

What is science?
Science is a way of knowing about the world around us. It involves gathering evidence through observation and experimentation, and then using that evidence to develop theories about how the world works.
What is technology?
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to practical problems. It includes things like machines, tools, and processes that are used to make our lives easier and more efficient.
What is innovation?
Innovation is the process of coming up with new ideas and putting them into practice. It can lead to the development of new products, Services, and processes.
What are the benefits of science, technology, and innovation?
Science, technology, and innovation have many benefits. They can help us to understand the world around us, to develop new products and services, and to improve our Quality Of Life.
What are some challenges facing science, technology, and innovation?
One challenge facing science, technology, and innovation is the need for funding. Research and development can be expensive, and governments and private companies need to be willing to invest in these activities. Another challenge is the need for skilled workers. The fields of science, technology, and innovation are constantly evolving, and there is a need for workers who have the skills and knowledge to keep up with the latest developments.
What is the future of science, technology, and innovation?
The future of science, technology, and innovation is bright. There are many exciting developments on the horizon, such as Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and gene editing. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize our lives in many ways.
What can I do to help promote science, technology, and innovation?
There are many things you can do to help promote science, technology, and innovation. You can get involved in science education, support research and development, and use technology in a responsible way. You can also vote for leaders who support science and innovation.
Where can I learn more about science, technology, and innovation?
There are many resources available to learn more about science, technology, and innovation. You can visit museums, read books and articles, watch documentaries, and take online courses. You can also talk to scientists, engineers, and other experts.

Which of the following is not a goal of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) To promote research and development in science and technology
(B) To create a knowledge-based economy
(C) To improve the quality of life of the people
(D) To increase the country’s competitiveness in the global economy
Which of the following is not a strategy for achieving the goals of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Investing in research and development
(B) Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation
(C) Strengthening the science and technology infrastructure
(D) Increasing the number of scientists and engineers
Which of the following is not a challenge to the implementation of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Lack of funding
(B) Brain drain
(C) Lack of coordination among government agencies
(D) Lack of public awareness
Which of the following is not a benefit of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Increased economic growth
(B) Improved quality of life
(C) Increased competitiveness in the global economy
(D) Reduced POVERTY
Which of the following is not a role of the government in the implementation of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Providing funding
(B) Creating an enabling environment
(C) Regulating the science and technology sector
(D) Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation
Which of the following is not a role of the private sector in the implementation of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Investing in research and development
(B) Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation
(C) Strengthening the science and technology infrastructure
(D) Providing EMPLOYMENT for scientists and engineers
Which of the following is not a role of the civil society in the implementation of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Raising public awareness
(B) Monitoring the implementation of the policy
(C) Providing feedback to the government
(D) Participating in the policy-making process
Which of the following is not a role of the international community in the implementation of the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation?
(A) Providing funding
(B) Sharing technology
(C) Training scientists and engineers
(D) Promoting collaboration between countries