<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-thrust-of-the-scientific-policy-resolution/”>The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing vulnerability in strategic areas .
The Science and Technology Policy, 2003 launched a massive programme for attracting our best talents to the arena of research in basic sciences, so that India continues to earn respect in a competitive knowledge Society.
The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP), 2013 has put our science, technology an innovation (STI) system as the driver for faster, sustainable and Growth-3/”>Inclusive Growth .
The latest policy envisages creation of a new STI ecosystem, which finds solutions to societal problems and facilitates the entire innovation chain from knowledge to wealth creation, while at the same time attracting best students to this area, ensuring a premier position for India in the scientific world.
Investments in Science and Technology
- Global investments in science, technology and innovation are estimated at $1.2 trillion as of 2009. India’s R&D Investment is less than 2.5% of this and is currently under 1 % of the GDP.
- Increasing Gross Expenditure in Research and Development (GERD) to 2% of the GDP has been a national goal for some time.
- Achieving this in the next five years is realizable if the private sector raises its R&D investment to at least match the public sector R&D investment from the current ratio of around 1 :3. The new paradigm is “Science technology and innovation for the people”.
Position in Research Publications
- The gross budgetary support for the science and technology sector has significantly increased during the last decade. The impact of such increase is becoming evident.
- India ranks ninth globally in the number of scientific publications and 12th in the number of patents filed. The Composite Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Indian publications is around 12±1% and India’s global share has increased from 1.8% in 2001 to 3.5% in 2011.
- But the Percentage of Indian publications in the top 1 % impact making journals is only 2.5%.
- By 2020, the global share of publications must double and the number of papers in the top 1 % journals must quadruple from the current levels.
Key Elements:
- Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.
- Enhancing skill for applications of science among the young from all social strata.
- Making careers in science, research and innovation attractive enough for talented and bright minds.
- Establishing world class Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE for R&D for gaining global Leadership in some select frontier areas of science.
- Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
- Linking contributions of science, research and innovation system with the inclusive economic growth agenda and combining priorities of excellence and relevance.
- Creating an Environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in R&D.
- Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications by replicating hitherto successful models as well as establishing of new PPP structures.
- Seeding S&T-based high-risk innovations through new mechanisms.
- Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size and technology domains.
- Triggering changes in the mindset and value systems to recognize, respect and reward performances which create wealth from S& T derived knowledge.
- Creating a robust national innovation system
Focus of the Policy
- Facilitating private sector investment in R&D centres in India and overseas.
- Promoting establishment of large R&D facilities in PPP mode with provisions for benefits sharing.
- Permitting multi stakeholders participation in the Indian R&D system.
- Treating R&D in the private sector at par with public institutions for availing public funds. Bench marking of R&D funding mechanisms and patterns globally.
- Modifying IPR policy to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and for co-sharing IPRs generated under PPP.
- Launching newer mechanisms for nurturing Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-led Entrepreneurship.
- Providing incentives for commercialization of innovations with focus on green manufacturing Important Observations Policy places greater thrust on innovation, establishing research institutes and encourage Women scientists with an aim to position itself among the top five scientific powers in the world by 2020.
- It talks about modifying the intellectual property regime to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and co-sharing of patents generated in the public private PARTNERSHIP mode.
- Aims at producing and nurturing talent in science, to stimulate research in universities, to develop young leaders in the field of science and to reward performance.
- Seeks to create a policy environment for greater private sector participation in research and innovation and to forge international alliances and collaborations to meet the national agenda.
- Talks of raising gross expenditure in R&D to two per cent of GDP from the current one per cent in this decade by encouraging enhanced private sector contribution.
- Seeks to trigger an ecosystem for innovative abilities to flourish by leveraging partnerships among diverse stakeholders and by encouraging and facilitating enterprises to invest in innovations.
Criticism:
The policy hardly describes any structural or procedural changes which will achieve the grand goal of integrating science, technology and innovation to create value in an inclusive manner.,
The National Policy on Science and Technology (NPST) is a policy document that outlines the government’s vision for science and technology in India. The NPST was first published in 1983, and has been revised several times since then. The most recent revision was published in 2013.
The NPST aims to promote the development and use of science and technology for the benefit of the people of India. The policy document identifies several key areas for development, including:
- Basic research
- Applied research
- Development and innovation
- Human Resources development
- Infrastructure Development
- Promotion of science and technology culture
The NPST also outlines the government’s commitment to funding science and technology research and development. The government has set aside a significant amount of Money for this purpose, and has established several funding agencies to support research and development activities.
The NPST has been successful in promoting the development of science and technology in India. The country has made significant progress in recent years in areas such as information technology, Biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. The NPST has also helped to improve the Quality Of Life for the people of India by providing them with access to new technologies and Services.
However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve the full potential of the NPST. One challenge is the need to improve the coordination of science and technology activities between different government agencies. Another challenge is the need to increase the number of skilled scientists and engineers in India.
Despite these challenges, the NPST is a valuable document that has helped to promote the development of science and technology in India. The policy document has helped to improve the quality of life for the people of India, and has made the country a leader in science and technology.
The following are the sub topics of the National Policy of Science & Technology:
- Introduction
- Objectives
- Policy Framework
- Institutional Framework
- Financing
- Human Resources Development
- Promotion of Science and Technology Culture
- International Cooperation
- Monitoring and Evaluation
- Appendices
Introduction
The National Policy on Science and Technology (NPST) is a policy document that outlines the government’s vision for science and technology in India. The NPST was first published in 1983, and has been revised several times since then. The most recent revision was published in 2013.
The NPST aims to promote the development and use of science and technology for the benefit of the people of India. The policy document identifies several key areas for development, including:
- Basic research
- Applied research
- Development and innovation
- Human resources development
- Infrastructure development
- Promotion of science and technology culture
The NPST also outlines the government’s commitment to funding science and technology research and development. The government has set aside a significant amount of money for this purpose, and has established several funding agencies to support research and development activities.
Objectives
The objectives of the NPST are to:
- Promote the development and use of science and technology for the benefit of the people of India.
- Identify and address the key challenges facing the country in areas such as agriculture, Health, Education, and energy.
- Enhance the country’s competitiveness in the global economy.
- Promote the development of a culture of science and technology in India.
Policy Framework
The NPST outlines a policy framework for the development and use of science and technology in India. The policy framework includes the following elements:
- A commitment to basic research
- A focus on applied research and development
- A focus on human resources development
- A focus on infrastructure development
- A focus on the promotion of science and technology culture
Institutional Framework
The NPST also outlines an institutional framework for the development and use of science and technology in India. The institutional framework includes the following elements:
- The Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) system
- The National Institutes of Technology (NIT) system
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
- The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Financing
The NPST outlines a financing framework for the development and use of science and technology in India. The financing framework includes the following elements:
- The government will set aside a significant amount of money for science and technology research and development.
- The government will establish several funding agencies to support research and development activities.
- The government will encourage private sector investment in science and technology.
Human Resources Development
The NPST outlines a human resources development framework for the development and use of science and technology in India. The human resources development framework includes the following elements:
- The government will invest in the education and training of scientists and engineers.
- The government
What is the National Policy of Science & Technology?
The National Policy of Science & Technology (NSTP) is a policy framework that guides the development and use of science and technology in the Philippines. It was first adopted in 1982 and has been revised several times since then. The NSTP aims to promote the use of science and technology for national development, to improve the quality of life of Filipinos, and to contribute to global scientific and Technological Progress.
What are the changes in the NSTP from time to time?
The NSTP has been revised several times since it was first adopted in 1982. The most recent revision was in 2017. The changes in the NSTP reflect the changing needs of the country and the latest developments in science and technology.
What are the benefits of the NSTP?
The NSTP has several benefits for the Philippines. It helps to promote the use of science and technology for national development, to improve the quality of life of Filipinos, and to contribute to global scientific and technological progress. The NSTP also helps to develop the skills and knowledge of Filipinos in science and technology, and to create a more informed and engaged citizenry.
What are the challenges of the NSTP?
The NSTP faces several challenges. One challenge is the lack of funding for science and technology research and development. Another challenge is the brain drain, as many Filipino scientists and engineers leave the country to work abroad. The NSTP also faces the challenge of keeping up with the latest developments in science and technology.
What are the future plans for the NSTP?
The future plans for the NSTP include increasing funding for science and technology research and development, addressing the brain drain, and keeping up with the latest developments in science and technology. The NSTP also plans to expand its reach to more Filipinos, and to make it more relevant to the needs of the country.
Question 1
The National Policy on Science and Technology (NPST) was first formulated in:
(A) 1958
(B) 1983
(C) 1992
(D) 2003
Answer
(A)
The NPST was first formulated in 1958. It was revised in 1983, 1992, and 2003.
Question 2
The main objective of the NPST is to:
(A) promote the development of science and technology in India
(B) ensure that science and technology are used for the benefit of the people
(C) develop human resources in science and technology
(D) all of the above
Answer
(D)
The main objective of the NPST is to promote the development of science and technology in India, ensure that science and technology are used for the benefit of the people, and develop human resources in science and technology.
Question 3
The NPST is implemented by the:
(A) Department of Science and Technology
(B) Ministry of Science and Technology
(C) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(D) all of the above
Answer
(D)
The NPST is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
Question 4
The NPST has been successful in achieving its objectives. This is evident from the fact that:
(A) India has made significant progress in science and technology in recent years
(B) science and technology are being used for the benefit of the people
(C) human resources in science and technology have been developed
(D) all of the above
Answer
(D)
The NPST has been successful in achieving its objectives. This is evident from the fact that India has made significant progress in science and technology in recent years, science and technology are being used for the benefit of the people, and human resources in science and technology have been developed.
Question 5
The NPST is a dynamic document that is reviewed and revised periodically. The latest revision of the NPST was done in:
(A) 2003
(B) 2010
(C) 2013
(D) 2017
Answer
(C)
The latest revision of the NPST was done in 2013.