<–2/”>a >The Indian Constitution entails the subject of forests and wildlife in the Concurrent list. The Federal Ministry acts as a guiding torch dealing with the policies and planning on wildlife conservation, while the provincial Forest Departments are vested with the responsibility of implementation of national policies and plans.
The Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme initiated by UNESCO in 1972 is a broad based ecological programme aimed at improvement of the relationship between man and the Environment; to predict the consequences of today’s actions on tomorrow’s world and thereby to increase man’s ability to manage the natural Resources of the biosphere efficiently.
National parks
National Park is an area having adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance. The National Park is declared for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or its environment, like that of a Sanctuary. The difference between a Sanctuary and a National Park mainly lies in the vesting of rights of people living inside. Unlike a Sanctuary, where certain rights can be allowed, in a National Park, no rights are allowed. No grazing of any Livestock shall also be permitted inside a National Park while in a Sanctuary, the Chief Wildlife Warden may regulate, control or prohibit it. In addition, while any removal or exploitation of wildlife or forest produce from a Sanctuary requires the recommendation of the State Board for Wildlife, removal etc., from a National Park requires recommendation of the National Board for Wildlife
Sanctuaries
Sanctuary is an area which is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance. The Sanctuary is declared for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or its environment. Certain rights of people living inside the Sanctuary could be permitted. Further, during the settlement of claims, before finally notifying the Sanctuary, the Collector may, in consultation with the Chief Wildlife Warden, allow the continuation of any right of any person in or over any land within the limits of the Sanctuary.
Biosphere reserves
Biosphere Reserves are special entities (sites) for both the people and the nature and are living examples of how human beings and nature can co-exist while respecting each other’s needs. These reserves contain genetic Elements evolved over millions of years that hold the key to future adaptations and survival. The high degree of diversity and endemism and associated traditional Farming Systems and knowledge held by the people in these reserves are the product of centuries of human innovation and experimentation. These sites have Global importance, having tremendous potential for future Economic Development, especially as a result of emerging new trends in Biotechnology.
Primary criteria for Biosphere Reserve
• A site that must contain an effectively protected and minimally disturbed core area of value of nature conservation and should include additional land and water suitable for research and demonstration of sustainable methods of research and management.
• The core area should be typical of a biogeographical unit and large enough to sustain viable populations representing all tropic levels in the ecosystem.
Secondary criteria for Biosphere Reserve
• Areas having rare and endangered species
• Areas having diversity of Soil and micro-climatic conditions and indigenous varieties of biota.
• Areas potential for preservation of traditional tribal or rural modes of living for harmonious use of environment.
Biosphere Reserves are demarcated into three inter-related zones. These are (I) natural or core zone (ii) manipulation or buffer zone and (iii) A transition zone outside the buffer zone.
The core zone is kept absolutely undisturbed. It must contain suitable habitat for numerous plant and animal species, including higher order predators and may contain centres of endemism.In the Buffer Zone, which adjoins or surrounds core zone, uses and activities are managed in ways that protect the core zone. These uses and activities include restoration, demonstration sites for enhancing value addition to the resources, limited recreation, tourism, fishing and grazing, which are permitted to reduce its effect on core zone. The Transition Zone is the outermost part of a Biosphere Reserve. This is usually not delimited one and is a zone of cooperation where conservation, knowledge and management skills are applied and uses are managed in harmony with the purpose of the Biosphere Reserve.
Botanical gardens
A Botanical garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation and display of a wide range of Plants labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Visitor Services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.,
National parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and botanical gardens are all important parts of our natural world. They provide a home for a variety of plants and animals, and they offer us opportunities to learn about and appreciate the natural world.
National parks are large areas of land that are protected by the government. They are home to a variety of plants and animals, and are often used for recreation. National parks are important because they help to protect our Natural Resources and provide us with places to enjoy the outdoors.
Sanctuaries are smaller areas of land that are protected by the government. They are home to a specific type of plant or animal, and are often used for research. Sanctuaries are important because they help to protect endangered species and their habitats.
Biosphere reserves are large areas of land that are protected by the government. They are home to a variety of plants and animals, and are used for research, Education, and Sustainable Development. Biosphere reserves are important because they help us to understand how Ecosystems work and how we can protect them.
Botanical gardens are gardens that are home to a variety of plants. They are used for research, education, and conservation. Botanical gardens are important because they help us to learn about plants and their importance to our world.
All of these Protected Areas are important for different reasons, but they all share a common goal: to protect our natural world. We should all do our part to support these important places and help to ensure that they are preserved for future generations.
Here are some additional details about each type of protected area:
- National parks are areas of land that are set aside for the protection of natural resources and for public enjoyment. They are typically managed by the government, and they often have entrance fees. National parks are important because they help to protect our natural resources, provide us with places to enjoy the outdoors, and promote education about the environment.
- Sanctuaries are areas of land that are set aside for the protection of specific plants or animals. They are typically managed by non-profit organizations, and they often have no entrance fees. Sanctuaries are important because they help to protect endangered species and their habitats.
- Biosphere reserves are areas of land that are set aside for the protection of ecosystems. They are typically managed by the government, and they often have entrance fees. Biosphere reserves are important because they help us to understand how ecosystems work and how we can protect them.
- Botanical gardens are gardens that are home to a variety of plants. They are typically managed by non-profit organizations, and they often have no entrance fees. Botanical gardens are important because they help us to learn about plants and their importance to our world.
We can all do our part to support these important places by visiting them, donating to their organizations, and spreading the word about their importance.
National Parks
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What is a national park?
A national park is a large area of land that is protected by the government. It is usually home to a variety of plants and animals, and it is often used for recreation. -
What are the benefits of national parks?
National parks provide many benefits, including:- Protecting wildlife and their habitats
- Providing opportunities for recreation and education
- Boosting the local economy
-
What are some of the challenges facing national parks?
National parks face a number of challenges, including:- Climate change
- Overcrowding
- Invasive species
Sanctuaries
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What is a sanctuary?
A sanctuary is an area of land or water that is protected for the conservation of wildlife. It is usually home to a particular species of animal or plant, and it is often used for research. -
What are the benefits of sanctuaries?
Sanctuaries provide many benefits, including:- Protecting wildlife and their habitats
- Providing opportunities for research
- Boosting the local economy
-
What are some of the challenges facing sanctuaries?
Sanctuaries face a number of challenges, including:- Climate Change
- Poaching
- Habitat loss
Biosphere Reserves
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What is a biosphere reserve?
A biosphere reserve is a protected area of land or water that is managed for both conservation and sustainable development. It is usually home to a variety of plants and animals, and it is often used for research and education. -
What are the benefits of biosphere reserves?
Biosphere reserves provide many benefits, including:- Protecting wildlife and their habitats
- Promoting sustainable development
- Providing opportunities for research and education
-
What are some of the challenges facing biosphere reserves?
Biosphere reserves face a number of challenges, including:- Climate change
- Overpopulation
- Invasive species
Botanical Gardens
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What is a botanical garden?
A botanical garden is a collection of plants that is used for research, education, and conservation. It is usually home to a variety of plants from all over the world, and it is often used for public recreation. -
What are the benefits of botanical gardens?
Botanical gardens provide many benefits, including:- Promoting the conservation of plants
- Providing opportunities for research and education
- Boosting the local economy
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What are some of the challenges facing botanical gardens?
Botanical gardens face a number of challenges, including:- Climate change
- Funding
- Invasive species
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Which of the following is not a type of protected area?
(A) National park
(B) Sanctuary
(C) Biosphere reserve
(D) Botanical garden -
Which of the following is the main purpose of a national park?
(A) To protect a particular species of plant or animal
(B) To protect a particular ecosystem
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To protect a particular cultural site -
Which of the following is the main purpose of a sanctuary?
(A) To protect a particular species of plant or animal
(B) To protect a particular ecosystem
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To protect a particular cultural site -
Which of the following is the main purpose of a biosphere reserve?
(A) To protect a particular species of plant or animal
(B) To protect a particular ecosystem
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To protect a particular cultural site -
Which of the following is the main purpose of a botanical garden?
(A) To protect a particular species of plant or animal
(B) To protect a particular ecosystem
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To study and conserve plants -
Which of the following is the most common type of protected area?
(A) National park
(B) Sanctuary
(C) Biosphere reserve
(D) Botanical garden -
Which of the following is the least common type of protected area?
(A) National park
(B) Sanctuary
(C) Biosphere reserve
(D) Botanical garden -
Which of the following countries has the most protected areas?
(A) Canada
(B) Russia
(C) United States
(D) China -
Which of the following countries has the least protected areas?
(A) Somalia
(B) South Sudan
(C) Central African Republic
(D) Chad -
Which of the following is the most important reason for protecting areas of land?
(A) To protect Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity
(B) To protect ecosystems
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To protect cultural sites -
Which of the following is the least important reason for protecting areas of land?
(A) To protect biodiversity
(B) To protect ecosystems
(C) To provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) To protect cultural sites -
Which of the following is the most effective way to protect areas of land?
(A) By creating national parks
(B) By creating sanctuaries
(C) By creating biosphere reserves
(D) By creating botanical gardens -
Which of the following is the least effective way to protect areas of land?
(A) By creating national parks
(B) By creating sanctuaries
(C) By creating biosphere reserves
(D) By creating botanical gardens -
Which of the following is the most common threat to protected areas?
(A) Habitat loss
(B) Overexploitation
(C) Pollution
(D) Climate change -
Which of the following is the least common threat to protected areas?
(A) Habitat loss
(B) Overexploitation
(C) Pollution
(D) Climate change -
Which of the following is the most important thing that can be done to protect protected areas?
(A) To increase funding for protected areas
(B) To increase enforcement of laws protecting protected areas
(C) To educate the public about the importance of protected areas
(D) To reduce the threats to protected areas -
Which of the following is the least important thing that can be done to protect protected areas?
(A) To increase funding for protected areas
(B) To increase enforcement of laws protecting protected areas
(C) To educate the public about the importance of protected areas
(D) To reduce the threats to protected areas -
Which of the following is the most important benefit of protected areas?
(A) They protect biodiversity
(B) They protect ecosystems
(C) They provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) They protect cultural sites -
Which of the following is the least important benefit of protected areas?
(A) They protect biodiversity
(B) They protect ecosystems
(C) They provide a place for recreation and tourism
(D) They protect cultural sites -
Which of the following is the most important cost of protected areas?
(A) They can be expensive to establish and maintain
(B) They can restrict human activities
(C) They can be controversial