Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909:-For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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Increased the number of elected members in the Imperial Legislative Council and the provincial council

However, most of the elected members were elected indirectly

The reformed councils still enjoyed no real power, being merely advisory bodies.

Introduced separate electorates under which all Muslims were grouped in separate constituencies from which Muslims alone could be elected. This was aimed at dividing the Hindus and Muslims. It was based on the notion that the political and economic interests of Hindus and Muslims were separate.

This later became a potent factor in the Growth of Communalism
It isolated the Muslims from the Nationalist Movement and encouraged separatist tendencies

The real purpose of the reforms was to confuse the moderate nationalists, to divide nationalist ranks and to check the growth of unity among Indians

Response of Moderates

They realized that the reforms had not granted much
However, they decided to cooperate with the government in working the reforms
This led to their loss of respect among the nationalists and masses

The Morley-Minto Reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, were a major step in the development of self-government in India. The reforms introduced a system of dyarchy, in which certain subjects were transferred from the control of the British government to the control of Indian ministers. The reforms also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were named after John Morley, the British Secretary of State for India, and Lord Minto, the Viceroy of India. The reforms were introduced in response to growing Indian nationalism and the need to maintain British control over India.

The Morley-Minto Reforms had a number of important consequences. They introduced a system of dyarchy, which gave Indians a greater say in the government of their country. They also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils, which gave Indians a greater voice in the making of laws. The reforms also helped to create a new class of Indian politicians, who would later play a leading role in the independence movement.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were not without their critics. Some Indians felt that the reforms did not go far enough, and that they did not give Indians enough control over their own affairs. Others felt that the reforms were a betrayal of the British promise of self-government for India.

Despite their critics, the Morley-Minto Reforms were a significant step forward in the development of self-government in India. They helped to create a new class of Indian politicians, who would later play a leading role in the independence movement.

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Introduction

The Morley-Minto Reforms were a major step in the development of self-government in India. The reforms introduced a system of dyarchy, in which certain subjects were transferred from the control of the British government to the control of Indian ministers. The reforms also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils.

Background

The Morley-Minto Reforms were introduced in the context of growing Indian nationalism. The Indian National Congress had been founded in 1885, and it had been growing in strength and influence ever since. The Congress was demanding greater self-government for India, and it was becoming increasingly critical of British rule.

The British government was concerned about the growing strength of Indian nationalism. The government was also concerned about the growing threat of Russian expansion in Central Asia. The government felt that it needed to make some concessions to Indian nationalists in order to maintain British control over India.

Objectives

The Morley-Minto Reforms were designed to achieve a number of objectives. The reforms were designed to:

Give Indians a greater say in the government of their country.
Satisfy the demands of Indian nationalists.
Maintain British control over India.
Prevent the growth of Russian influence in Central Asia.

Provisions

The Morley-Minto Reforms introduced a system of dyarchy. Dyarchy was a system in which certain subjects were transferred from the control of the British government to the control of Indian ministers. The subjects that were transferred to Indian control included Education, local self-government, and public Health.

The reforms also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils. The Legislative Councils were elected bodies that had some power to make laws. The reforms increased the number of elected members of the Legislative Councils, and they gave the Legislative Councils more power to make laws.

Impact

The Morley-Minto Reforms had a number of important consequences. The reforms gave Indians a greater say in the government of their country. They also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils. The reforms helped to create a new class of Indian politicians, who would later play a leading role in the independence movement.

Criticism

The Morley-Minto Reforms were criticized by some Indians for not going far enough. They felt that the reforms did not give Indians enough control over their own affairs. They also felt that the reforms were a betrayal of the British promise of self-government for India.

The Morley-Minto Reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, were a major step in the development of self-government in India. The reforms introduced a system of dyarchy, in which some subjects were transferred to the control of Indian ministers, while others remained under the control of the British government. The reforms also increased the number of elected members in the Indian Legislative Councils.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were a significant step forward in the development of self-government in India. However, they did not satisfy the demands of Indian nationalists, who wanted full independence from British rule. The reforms also led to increased tension between Hindus and Muslims, as each community sought to gain control of the newly-elected seats in the Indian Legislative Councils.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were a major turning point in the history of India. They marked the beginning of the end of British rule in India and the beginning of the struggle for Indian independence.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the Morley-Minto Reforms:

What were the Morley-Minto Reforms?
The Morley-Minto Reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, were a major step in the development of self-government in India. The reforms introduced a system of dyarchy, in which some subjects were transferred to the control of Indian ministers, while others remained under the control of the British government. The reforms also increased the number of elected members in the Indian Legislative Councils.
Who were John Morley and Lord Minto?
John Morley was the British Secretary of State for India, and Lord Minto was the Viceroy of India. The reforms were named after them.
Why were the Morley-Minto Reforms introduced?
The Morley-Minto Reforms were introduced in response to growing Indian nationalism and the need to maintain British control over India.
What were the main features of the Morley-Minto Reforms?
The main features of the Morley-Minto Reforms were:
The introduction of a system of dyarchy, in which some subjects were transferred to the control of Indian ministers, while others remained under the control of the British government.
The increase in the number of elected members in the Indian Legislative Councils.
The recognition of separate electorates for Muslims.
What was the impact of the Morley-Minto Reforms?
The Morley-Minto Reforms were a significant step forward in the development of self-government in India. However, they did not satisfy the demands of Indian nationalists, who wanted full independence from British rule. The reforms also led to increased tension between Hindus and Muslims, as each community sought to gain control of the newly-elected seats in the Indian Legislative Councils.
What was the significance of the Morley-Minto Reforms?
The Morley-Minto Reforms were a major turning point in the history of India. They marked the beginning of the end of British rule in India and the beginning of the struggle for Indian independence.

The Morley-Minto Reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, was a major constitutional reform in British India. The reforms introduced a system of dyarchy, in which some subjects were transferred to the control of Indian ministers, while others remained under the control of British officials. The reforms also expanded the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were a significant step forward in the development of Indian self-government. However, they did not satisfy the demands of Indian nationalists, who wanted full independence from British rule.

The following are some MCQs on the Morley-Minto Reforms:

Which of the following was not a provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms?
(A) The introduction of a system of dyarchy
(B) The expansion of the size and powers of the Indian Legislative Councils
(C) The granting of self-government to India
(D) The appointment of Indian ministers to some of the provincial councils
The Morley-Minto Reforms were introduced in the year:
(A) 1908
(B) 1909
(C) 1910
(D) 1911
The Morley-Minto Reforms were named after:
(A) Lord Morley and Lord Minto
(B) Lord Curzon and Lord Minto
(C) Lord Hardinge and Lord Minto
(D) Lord Chelmsford and Lord Minto
The Morley-Minto Reforms were introduced in response to:
(A) The Indian National Congress’s demand for self-government
(B) The rise of the Swadeshi movement
(C) The partition of Bengal
(D) The First World War
The Morley-Minto Reforms were a major step forward in the development of Indian self-government. However, they did not satisfy the demands of Indian nationalists, who wanted full independence from British rule. True or False?

The answers to the MCQs are as follows:

(C)
(B)
(A)
(A)
True.