\n– The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905-1908) was a multifaceted response to the Partition of Bengal. Its features included:
\n – Promotion of indigenous industries and boycott of British goods (economic Swadeshi).
\n – Development of national education institutions (educational Swadeshi or self-help).
\n – Constructive programs focusing on self-reliance and village upliftment (self-help).
\n – Development of new forms of protest, including mass meetings, picketing, and passive resistance.
\n – The rise of Extremist leadership advocating more assertive methods to achieve Swaraj and annul the Partition.
\n– Let’s evaluate the statements for the period 1905-1908:
\n – 1. Swadeshi was based on the idea of self-help through industries and schools. This is correct. Establishing national schools\/colleges and promoting indigenous industries were key components of the constructive Swadeshi program. This *was* a feature.
\n – 2. Tagore had sketched out his blue-print for swadeshi in Swadeshi Samaj. This is correct. Rabindranath Tagore’s essay “Swadeshi Samaj” (1904) outlined his vision of a self-reliant rural society, which influenced the constructive aspect of the movement. This *was* a feature.
\n – 3. Leaders like Aurobindo called for more radical measures to achieve Swadeshi goals. This is correct. Leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh, Bipin Chandra Pal, and others advocated for passive resistance, non-cooperation, and other assertive methods (considered ‘radical’ compared to Moderate methods) as part of the Swadeshi movement and to achieve its goals, including Swaraj. This *was* a feature.
\n – 4. Bhagat Singh joined the Swadeshi Movement in its later phases. Bhagat Singh was born in 1907 and became active in revolutionary activities in the 1920s. He was not involved in the Swadeshi Movement during the 1905-1908 period. This was *not* a feature.
\n– The question asks which statement(s) was\/were *not* a feature(s). Based on the analysis, only statement 4 was not a feature. Statement 3 was a feature.
\n– Given the options provided (A: 1, 2, 3 only; B: 2 and 3 only; C: 3 and 4 only; D: 1 only), and that only statement 4 is definitively not a feature, there appears to be an error in the question or the options. Option C includes statement 4. If C is the intended answer, it implies that both 3 and 4 were not features, which is historically inaccurate for statement 3. However, selecting C might be based on the inclusion of the only clearly incorrect statement (4).
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