{"id":92121,"date":"2025-06-01T11:15:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T11:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=92121"},"modified":"2025-06-01T11:15:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T11:15:18","slug":"consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/","title":{"rendered":"Consider the following materials :\n \n 1. Agricultural residues \n 2. Co"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following materials :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. Agricultural residues<\/li>\n<li>2. Corn grain<\/li>\n<li>3. Wastewater treatment sludge<\/li>\n<li>4. Wood mill waste<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel ?<\/p>\n<p>[amp_mcq option1=&#8221;1 and 2 only&#8221; option2=&#8221;3 and 4 only&#8221; option3=&#8221;1, 2, 3 and 4&#8243; option4=&#8221;1, 3 and 4 only&#8221; correct=&#8221;option3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"psc-box-pyq-exam-year-detail\">\n<div class=\"pyq-exam\">\n<div class=\"psc-heading\">This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n<div class=\"psc-title line-ellipsis\">UPSC IAS &#8211; 2024<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pyq-exam-psc-buttons\"><a href=\"\/pyq\/pyq-upsc-ias-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-pdf-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"\/pyq-upsc-ias-2024\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-attempt-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"pyq-correct-answer\">\nThe correct option is C.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-key-points\">\nSustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials.<br \/>\n1.  Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel.<br \/>\n2.  Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change).<br \/>\n3.  Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification.<br \/>\n4.  Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF.<\/p>\n<p>All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-additional-information\">\nThe sustainability of SAF depends not just on the feedstock but also the production pathway, land use impacts, and overall lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional jet fuel. Various pathways and feedstocks are being explored and certified globally to meet sustainability criteria set by international bodies.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following materials : 1. Agricultural residues 2. Corn grain 3. Wastewater treatment sludge 4. Wood mill waste Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel ? [amp_mcq option1=&#8221;1 and 2 only&#8221; option2=&#8221;3 and 4 only&#8221; option3=&#8221;1, 2, 3 and 4&#8243; option4=&#8221;1, 3 and 4 only&#8221; correct=&#8221;option3&#8243;] This &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Consider the following materials :\n \n 1. Agricultural residues \n 2. Co\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/#more-92121\">Detailed Solution<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Consider the following materials :<\/p>\n<p> 1. Agricultural residues<br \/>\n 2. Co<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1092],"tags":[1103,1136,1332],"class_list":["post-92121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-ias","tag-1103","tag-environment-and-ecology","tag-non-conventional-energy","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Consider the following materials :  1. Agricultural residues  2. Co<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The correct option is C. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials. 1. Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel. 2. Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change). 3. Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification. 4. Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF. All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consider the following materials :  1. Agricultural residues  2. Co\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The correct option is C. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials. 1. Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel. 2. Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change). 3. Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification. 4. Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF. All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T11:15:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Consider the following materials :  1. Agricultural residues  2. Co","description":"The correct option is C. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials. 1. Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel. 2. Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change). 3. Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification. 4. Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF. All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Consider the following materials :  1. Agricultural residues  2. Co","og_description":"The correct option is C. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials. 1. Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel. 2. Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change). 3. Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification. 4. Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF. All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T11:15:18+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/","name":"Consider the following materials : 1. Agricultural residues 2. Co","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T11:15:18+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T11:15:18+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"The correct option is C. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) can be produced from a variety of sources (feedstocks) besides traditional petroleum-based jet fuel. These feedstocks are often biomass-based or derived from waste materials. 1. Agricultural residues: Residues like corn stover, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, etc., are lignocellulosic materials that can be converted into SAF through various biochemical or thermochemical processes like gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or cellulosic ethanol converted to jet fuel. 2. Corn grain: While controversial from a food security perspective, corn grain can be fermented into ethanol, which can then be converted into SAF via the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. This is a recognized method for producing SAF, although its sustainability is debated depending on the criteria used (e.g., land use change). 3. Wastewater treatment sludge: The organic content in sewage sludge can be utilized as a feedstock for SAF production through processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction or gasification. 4. Wood mill waste: Forestry residues, sawdust, wood chips, and other wood waste from sawmills and logging operations are lignocellulosic feedstocks similar to agricultural residues and can be converted into SAF. All listed materials are potential feedstocks for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-materials-1-agricultural-residues-2-co\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC IAS","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-ias\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Consider the following materials : 1. Agricultural residues 2. 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