{"id":91663,"date":"2025-06-01T11:02:11","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T11:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=91663"},"modified":"2025-06-01T11:02:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T11:02:11","slug":"in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/","title":{"rendered":"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG) as fuel for buses in public transport, consider the following statements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions.<\/li>\n<li>2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions.<\/li>\n<li>3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses.<\/li>\n<li>4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n<p>[amp_mcq option1=&#8221;1 and 3 only&#8221; option2=&#8221;2 and 3 only&#8221; option3=&#8221;2 only&#8221; option4=&#8221;1, 2 and 3&#8243; correct=&#8221;option2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"psc-box-pyq-exam-year-detail\">\n<div class=\"pyq-exam\">\n<div class=\"psc-heading\">This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n<div class=\"psc-title line-ellipsis\">UPSC IAS &#8211; 2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pyq-exam-psc-buttons\"><a href=\"\/pyq\/pyq-upsc-ias-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-pdf-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"\/pyq-upsc-ias-2019\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-attempt-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"pyq-correct-answer\">\nThe correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-key-points\">\nHydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles.<br \/>\n1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim.<br \/>\n2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions.<br \/>\n3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions.<br \/>\n4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-additional-information\">\nH-CNG offers advantages in terms of reduced emissions (CO, HC, NOx, CO2) and improved engine performance (higher octane number). However, challenges remain regarding hydrogen production costs, infrastructure for storage and distribution, and compatibility with existing vehicle technology at higher blend ratios. Based on the analysis, statements 2 and 3 are correct.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG) as fuel for buses in public transport, consider the following statements: 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/#more-91663\">Detailed Solution<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1092],"tags":[1119,1136,1332],"class_list":["post-91663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-ias","tag-1119","tag-environment-and-ecology","tag-non-conventional-energy","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only. Hydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles. 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only. Hydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles. 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T11:02:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG","description":"The correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only. Hydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles. 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG","og_description":"The correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only. Hydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles. 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T11:02:11+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/","name":"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T11:02:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T11:02:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"The correct answer is B) 2 and 3 only. Hydrogen-enriched Compressed Natural Gas (H-CNG) is a fuel mixture being explored to reduce emissions from vehicles. 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions: Incorrect. While H-CNG significantly *reduces* CO emissions compared to pure CNG, it does not typically *eliminate* them entirely. Elimination is a very strong claim. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions: Correct. Blending hydrogen with CNG reduces the carbon content per unit energy, leading to lower CO2 emissions. Hydrogen combustion itself produces only water. H-CNG also leads to more complete combustion of the natural gas component, resulting in reduced unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses: Correct. Studies and trials have shown that blends of hydrogen up to 20% by volume (which is one-fifth) with CNG can be used in existing CNG engines with minimal or no modifications, while achieving significant emission reductions. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG: Incorrect. Hydrogen production and blending typically make H-CNG more expensive than pure CNG. The cost is a major barrier to its widespread adoption.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/in-the-context-of-proposals-to-the-use-of-hydrogen-enriched-cng-h-cng\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC IAS","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-ias\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91663\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}