{"id":91326,"date":"2025-06-01T10:53:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T10:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=91326"},"modified":"2025-06-01T10:53:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T10:53:25","slug":"with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/","title":{"rendered":"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum.<\/li>\n<li>2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n<p>[amp_mcq option1=&#8221;1 only&#8221; option2=&#8221;2 only&#8221; option3=&#8221;Both 1 and 2&#8243; option4=&#8221;Neither 1 nor 2&#8243; correct=&#8221;option4&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"psc-box-pyq-exam-year-detail\">\n<div class=\"pyq-exam\">\n<div class=\"psc-heading\">This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n<div class=\"psc-title line-ellipsis\">UPSC IAS &#8211; 2015<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pyq-exam-psc-buttons\"><a href=\"\/pyq\/pyq-upsc-ias-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-pdf-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"\/pyq-upsc-ias-2015\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-attempt-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"pyq-correct-answer\">Both statements are incorrect.<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-key-points\">Indian Railways&#8217; bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-additional-information\">The anaerobic bacteria consortium (specifically, bacteria from the DRDO-developed inoculum) breaks down the complex organic matter in human waste. The biogas is released into the atmosphere (or sometimes vented), and the treated liquid effluent is disinfected and discharged. While some ammonia might be produced, it is not the only end product released along with water vapour.<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements: 1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum. 2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/#more-91326\">Detailed Solution<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1092],"tags":[1443,1136,1137],"class_list":["post-91326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-ias","tag-1443","tag-environment-and-ecology","tag-pollution","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Both statements are incorrect. Indian Railways&#039; bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Both statements are incorrect. Indian Railways&#039; bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T10:53:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th","description":"Both statements are incorrect. Indian Railways' bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th","og_description":"Both statements are incorrect. Indian Railways' bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T10:53:25+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/","name":"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T10:53:25+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T10:53:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"Both statements are incorrect. Indian Railways' bio-toilets use a bacterial inoculum, not fungal, for the anaerobic decomposition of human waste. The end products of this decomposition include biogas (primarily methane and carbon dioxide) and treated water, not solely ammonia and water vapour.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/with-reference-to-bio-toilets-used-by-the-indian-railways-consider-th\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC IAS","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-ias\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider th"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91326\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}