{"id":90068,"date":"2025-06-01T10:20:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T10:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=90068"},"modified":"2025-06-01T10:20:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T10:20:10","slug":"the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/","title":{"rendered":"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent are found in the :<\/p>\n<p>[amp_mcq option1=&#8221;Rigveda&#8221; option2=&#8221;Samaveda&#8221; option3=&#8221;Yajurveda&#8221; option4=&#8221;Vinaya Pitaka&#8221; correct=&#8221;option3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"psc-box-pyq-exam-year-detail\">\n<div class=\"pyq-exam\">\n<div class=\"psc-heading\">This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n<div class=\"psc-title line-ellipsis\">UPSC CAPF &#8211; 2016<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pyq-exam-psc-buttons\"><a href=\"\/pyq\/pyq-upsc-capf-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-pdf-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"\/pyq-upsc-capf-2016\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-attempt-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"pyq-correct-answer\">\nThe correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-key-points\">\n&#8211; The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions &#8216;ayas&#8217;, which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze.<br \/>\n&#8211; Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term &#8216;Shyama ayas&#8217; or &#8216;Krishna ayas&#8217; (black metal) is used to distinguish it from &#8216;lohita ayas&#8217; (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze).<br \/>\n&#8211; The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear.<br \/>\n&#8211; The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda.<br \/>\n&#8211; The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-additional-information\">\nThe archaeological evidence for the use of iron in India corresponds with the period of the later Vedic texts, around 1000 BCE, particularly in regions like Gandhara and subsequently spreading to the Gangetic plain, coinciding with the Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture. The introduction and spread of iron technology significantly impacted agriculture, warfare, and settlement patterns in ancient India.<br \/>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent are found in the : [amp_mcq option1=&#8221;Rigveda&#8221; option2=&#8221;Samaveda&#8221; option3=&#8221;Yajurveda&#8221; option4=&#8221;Vinaya Pitaka&#8221; correct=&#8221;option3&#8243;] This question was previously asked in UPSC CAPF &#8211; 2016 Download PDFAttempt Online The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/#more-90068\">Detailed Solution<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1085],"tags":[1098,1168,1173],"class_list":["post-90068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-capf","tag-1098","tag-ancient-history-of-india","tag-ancient-literature-and-litterateur","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas. - The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions &#039;ayas&#039;, which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze. - Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term &#039;Shyama ayas&#039; or &#039;Krishna ayas&#039; (black metal) is used to distinguish it from &#039;lohita ayas&#039; (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze). - The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear. - The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda. - The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas. - The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions &#039;ayas&#039;, which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze. - Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term &#039;Shyama ayas&#039; or &#039;Krishna ayas&#039; (black metal) is used to distinguish it from &#039;lohita ayas&#039; (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze). - The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear. - The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda. - The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T10:20:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a","description":"The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas. - The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions 'ayas', which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze. - Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term 'Shyama ayas' or 'Krishna ayas' (black metal) is used to distinguish it from 'lohita ayas' (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze). - The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear. - The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda. - The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a","og_description":"The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas. - The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions 'ayas', which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze. - Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term 'Shyama ayas' or 'Krishna ayas' (black metal) is used to distinguish it from 'lohita ayas' (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze). - The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear. - The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda. - The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T10:20:10+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/","name":"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T10:20:10+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T10:20:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"The correct answer is C. The earliest literary references to iron (referred to as Shyama ayas or Krishna ayas) in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the later Vedic texts, including the Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas. - The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, primarily mentions 'ayas', which is generally interpreted as copper or bronze. - Later Vedic texts, composed after the Rigveda (c. 1000 BCE onwards), show clear knowledge and use of iron. The term 'Shyama ayas' or 'Krishna ayas' (black metal) is used to distinguish it from 'lohita ayas' (red metal, i.e., copper\/bronze). - The Yajurveda is one of the principal later Vedic texts where such references appear. - The Samaveda is primarily a collection of hymns meant for chanting and does not contain as much material on material culture as the Yajurveda or Atharvaveda. - The Vinaya Pitaka is part of the Buddhist canon (Pali Canon) and belongs to a later period (post-6th century BCE) compared to the Vedic texts.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-earliest-literary-references-to-iron-in-the-indian-sub-continent-a\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC CAPF","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-capf\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The earliest literary references to iron in the Indian Sub-Continent a"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90068\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}