\n– Statement 1: The Chipko Movement began in the early 1970s as a non-violent resistance movement against the felling of trees in the Himalayan region, particularly in Uttarakhand (then part of Uttar Pradesh). This statement is correct.
\n– Statement 2: The movement did raise questions about ecological sustainability and the economic exploitation of forest resources by external contractors, demanding that local communities benefit. So, it addressed both ecological and economic exploitation. However, the option D implies this statement might be considered less correct than 1, 3, and 4 in the context of the question setters.
\n– Statement 3: While primarily focused on forest conservation, women involved in the movement also raised social issues, including campaigning against alcoholism, which was seen as detrimental to family well-being and linked by some to the economic distress caused by resource exploitation. This was a component of the broader socio-economic concerns articulated within the movement by its participants, particularly women. This statement is considered correct in this context.
\n– Statement 4: A key demand of the Chipko movement was that local communities, who are dependent on the forests for their livelihoods, should have control over the management and utilization of these natural resources. This statement is correct.
\n<\/section>\n