\nArticle 243G of the Constitution of India enumerates the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats, enabling them to function as institutions of self-government. It states that the Legislature of a State may endow the Panchayats with powers and authority necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and to prepare plans for economic development and social justice and implement schemes entrusted to them, including those related to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.
\nThe Eleventh Schedule lists 29 matters. Items 1 and 2 of the Eleventh Schedule are:
\n1. Agriculture, including extension.
\n2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation.
\nOptions A, B, and C (Land improvement, Implementation of land reforms, Land consolidation and soil conservation) are all explicitly listed in the Eleventh Schedule, falling under the purview of Panchayats as per Article 243G.
\nRegulation of land revenue, including assessment and collection of land tax, is typically a function performed by the state government’s revenue administration, although Panchayats might be involved in record-keeping or assistance in collection in some areas depending on state laws, the primary regulatory and revenue collection power for land revenue generally does not rest with the Panchayats under the Eleventh Schedule.
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