{"id":87282,"date":"2025-06-01T06:39:15","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T06:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=87282"},"modified":"2025-06-01T06:39:15","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T06:39:15","slug":"permanent-hardness-of-water-is-due-to-the-presence-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/permanent-hardness-of-water-is-due-to-the-presence-of\/","title":{"rendered":"Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of"},"content":{"rendered":"

Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of<\/p>\n

[amp_mcq option1=”sulphates of sodium and potassium” option2=”sulphates of magnesium and calcium” option3=”carbonates of sodium and magnesium” option4=”bicarbonates of magnesium and calcium” correct=”option2″]<\/p>\n

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This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n
UPSC NDA-1 – 2015<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Download PDF<\/a>Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions (Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$). Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by simple boiling.<\/section>\n
Permanent hardness of water is due to the dissolved sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.<\/section>\n
Sodium and potassium ions do not cause water hardness. Carbonates and bicarbonates of Ca and Mg cause temporary hardness. Permanent hardness needs chemical methods like ion exchange (using zeolite or synthetic resins) for removal.<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of [amp_mcq option1=”sulphates of sodium and potassium” option2=”sulphates of magnesium and calcium” option3=”carbonates of sodium and magnesium” option4=”bicarbonates of magnesium and calcium” correct=”option2″] This question was previously asked in UPSC NDA-1 – 2015 Download PDFAttempt Online Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of … <\/p>\n

Detailed SolutionPermanent hardness of water is due to the presence of<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1093],"tags":[1443,1202,1096],"class_list":["post-87282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-nda-1","tag-1443","tag-acid-base-and-salt","tag-chemistry","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"\nPermanent hardness of water is due to the presence of<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions (Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$). Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by simple boiling. Permanent hardness of water is due to the dissolved sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/permanent-hardness-of-water-is-due-to-the-presence-of\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions (Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$). Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by simple boiling. Permanent hardness of water is due to the dissolved sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/permanent-hardness-of-water-is-due-to-the-presence-of\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T06:39:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of","description":"Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions (Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$). Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by simple boiling. Permanent hardness of water is due to the dissolved sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/permanent-hardness-of-water-is-due-to-the-presence-of\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of","og_description":"Hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions (Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$). Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. 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Temporary hardness is caused by their bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by simple boiling. 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