{"id":86999,"date":"2025-06-01T04:25:11","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T04:25:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=86999"},"modified":"2025-06-01T04:25:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T04:25:11","slug":"the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/","title":{"rendered":"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are"},"content":{"rendered":"

The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are<\/p>\n

[amp_mcq option1=”+ 3 and 3″ option2=”+ 3 and 6″ option3=”+ 2 and 6″ option4=”+ 2 and 1″ correct=”option2″]<\/p>\n

\n
\n
This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n
UPSC Geoscientist – 2023<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Download PDF<\/a>Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nThe complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a.
\nLet the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x.
\nThe charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1.
\nThe charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule).
\nThe overall charge of the complex ion is +2.
\nThe sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex:
\nx + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2
\nx + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2
\nx – 1 = +2
\nx = +3
\nSo, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3.
\nThe covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal.
\nIn [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands.
\nTotal number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6.
\nThe coordination number of Al is 6.
\nTherefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6.
\nThe oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6.
\n<\/section>\n
\nOxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.
\n<\/section>\n
\nAluminum typically exhibits an oxidation state of +3. It is a common central metal in coordination chemistry, often forming complexes with a coordination number of 6, resulting in an octahedral geometry.
\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are [amp_mcq option1=”+ 3 and 3″ option2=”+ 3 and 6″ option3=”+ 2 and 6″ option4=”+ 2 and 1″ correct=”option2″] This question was previously asked in UPSC Geoscientist – 2023 Download PDFAttempt Online The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be … <\/p>\n

Detailed SolutionThe oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1091],"tags":[1105,1096,1239],"class_list":["post-86999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-geoscientist","tag-1105","tag-chemistry","tag-inorganic-chemistry","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"\nThe oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x. The charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1. The charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule). The overall charge of the complex ion is +2. The sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex: x + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2 x + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2 x - 1 = +2 x = +3 So, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3. The covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal. In [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands. Total number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6. The coordination number of Al is 6. Therefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6. The oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6. Oxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h\u2082o\u2085\u00b2\u207a-are\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x. The charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1. The charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule). The overall charge of the complex ion is +2. The sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex: x + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2 x + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2 x - 1 = +2 x = +3 So, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3. The covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal. In [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands. Total number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6. The coordination number of Al is 6. Therefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6. The oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6. Oxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h\u2082o\u2085\u00b2\u207a-are\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T04:25:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are","description":"The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x. The charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1. The charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule). The overall charge of the complex ion is +2. The sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex: x + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2 x + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2 x - 1 = +2 x = +3 So, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3. The covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal. In [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands. Total number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6. The coordination number of Al is 6. Therefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6. The oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6. Oxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h\u2082o\u2085\u00b2\u207a-are\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are","og_description":"The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x. The charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1. The charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule). The overall charge of the complex ion is +2. The sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex: x + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2 x + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2 x - 1 = +2 x = +3 So, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3. The covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal. In [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands. Total number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6. The coordination number of Al is 6. Therefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6. The oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6. Oxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h\u2082o\u2085\u00b2\u207a-are\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T04:25:11+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/","name":"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T04:25:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T04:25:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"The complex is [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a. Let the oxidation state of Aluminum (Al) be x. The charge of the chloride ligand (Cl\u207b) is -1. The charge of the water ligand (H\u2082O) is 0 (neutral molecule). The overall charge of the complex ion is +2. The sum of the oxidation states of the central metal ion and the charges of the ligands equals the overall charge of the complex: x + (charge of Cl) + 5 * (charge of H\u2082O) = +2 x + (-1) + 5 * (0) = +2 x - 1 = +2 x = +3 So, the oxidation state of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a is +3. The covalency of the central metal atom\/ion in a coordination complex is equal to its coordination number, which is the total number of sigma bonds formed between the metal and the ligands. This is typically the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal. In [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a, the Al\u00b3\u207a ion is bonded to one Cl\u207b ligand and five H\u2082O ligands. Total number of ligands attached = 1 + 5 = 6. The coordination number of Al is 6. Therefore, the covalency of Al in this complex is 6. The oxidation state is +3 and the covalency is 6. Oxidation state is the charge the central atom would have if all ligands were removed along with the electron pairs they donate. Covalency in coordination complexes is the number of coordinate bonds formed, equal to the coordination number.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/the-oxidation-state-and-covalency-of-al-in-alcl-h%e2%82%82o%e2%82%85%c2%b2%e2%81%ba-are\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC Geoscientist","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-geoscientist\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The oxidation state and covalency of Al in [AlCl (H\u2082O)\u2085]\u00b2\u207a are"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86999\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}