{"id":86482,"date":"2025-06-01T03:48:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T03:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=86482"},"modified":"2025-06-01T03:48:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T03:48:41","slug":"consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/","title":{"rendered":"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following statements about science in medieval South India :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. The Katapayadi system of numerals, which was invented by Vararuchi of Kerala, the author of Chandra Vakyas, was used for calculating the position of Moon on any day of the year.<\/li>\n<li>2. Achyuta Pisharati (1550 \u2013 1621) wrote Uparagakriyakrama, a text on eclipses.<\/li>\n<li>3. Ravi Varma of Mahodayapuram set up an observatory and is also said to have inaugurated the Kollam era.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n<p>[amp_mcq option1=&#8221;1 and 3 only&#8221; option2=&#8221;3 only&#8221; option3=&#8221;1 and 2 only&#8221; option4=&#8221;1, 2 and 3&#8243; correct=&#8221;option3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"psc-box-pyq-exam-year-detail\">\n<div class=\"pyq-exam\">\n<div class=\"psc-heading\">This question was previously asked in<\/div>\n<div class=\"psc-title line-ellipsis\">UPSC CDS-2 &#8211; 2023<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pyq-exam-psc-buttons\"><a href=\"\/pyq\/pyq-upsc-cds-2-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-pdf-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"\/pyq-upsc-cds-2-2023\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"psc-attempt-button\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"pyq-correct-answer\">The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics.<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-key-points\">Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era&#8217;s origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.<\/section>\n<section id=\"pyq-additional-information\">The Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics, which flourished from the 14th to the 17th centuries, made significant contributions to topics like infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, and astronomy, predating similar developments in Europe.<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following statements about science in medieval South India : 1. The Katapayadi system of numerals, which was invented by Vararuchi of Kerala, the author of Chandra Vakyas, was used for calculating the position of Moon on any day of the year. 2. Achyuta Pisharati (1550 \u2013 1621) wrote Uparagakriyakrama, a text on eclipses. &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/#more-86482\">Detailed Solution<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1088],"tags":[1105,1122,1189],"class_list":["post-86482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc-cds-2","tag-1105","tag-medieval-history-of-india","tag-provincial-dynasty-of-north-india-and-deccan-province","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era&#039;s origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era&#039;s origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-01T03:48:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi","description":"The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era's origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi","og_description":"The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era's origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2025-06-01T03:48:41+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/","name":"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-01T03:48:41+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-01T03:48:41+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"description":"The correct answer is (D). All three statements are correct with reference to science in medieval South India, particularly concerning the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Statement 1 is correct: The Katapayadi system, associated with Vararuchi of Kerala (perhaps an early figure or a later one, depending on the specific Vararuchi referred to), was indeed used in astronomical computations, including determining planetary positions, based on mnemonic verses like the Chandra Vakyas. Statement 2 is correct: Achyuta Pisharati (1550-1621) was a key figure in the Kerala School, and *Uparagakriyakrama*, a text on eclipses, is one of his known works. Statement 3 is correct: The inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) is traditionally linked to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur). While precise details are debated, the era's origin in this period and region, associated with rulers like Ravi Varma, and the mention of an observatory aligns with the flourishing astronomical tradition in Kerala during the medieval period.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/consider-the-following-statements-about-science-in-medieval-south-indi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UPSC CDS-2","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/upsc-cds-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Consider the following statements about science in medieval South Indi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/761a7274f9cce048fa5b921221e7934820d74514df93ef195a9d22af0c1c9001?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86482\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}