{"id":7714,"date":"2024-04-15T02:49:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T02:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=7714"},"modified":"2024-04-15T02:49:17","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T02:49:17","slug":"frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/","title":{"rendered":"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n    <!-- Check if it's an AMP page -->\r\n            <!-- Non-AMP version -->\r\n        <div class=\"mcq-container\" data-quiz-id=\"quizState_6a9de8552b8bd\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option1\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    Low estimates of the average and maximum flows                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option2\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    Large scale infiltration of storm water                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option3\" data-is-correct=\"true\">\r\n                    Unexpected increase in population                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option4\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    All the above                <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n            <!-- Feedback messages for non-AMP -->\r\n            <div class=\"feedback\" data-feedback=\"wrong\">Answer is Right!<\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"feedback\" data-feedback=\"right\">Answer is Wrong!<\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <script>\r\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n            var containers = document.querySelectorAll('.mcq-container');\r\n\r\n            containers.forEach(function(container) {\r\n                var options = container.querySelectorAll('.option');\r\n                var feedbackSelect = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"select\"]');\r\n                var feedbackWrong = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"wrong\"]');\r\n                var feedbackRight = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"right\"]');\r\n\r\n                options.forEach(function(option) {\r\n                    option.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n                        var selectedOption = option.getAttribute('data-option-key');\r\n                        var isCorrect = option.getAttribute('data-is-correct') === 'true';\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Remove previous selections\r\n                        options.forEach(function(opt) {\r\n                            opt.classList.remove('correct', 'incorrect');\r\n                        });\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Add the correct\/incorrect class\r\n                        if (isCorrect) {\r\n                            option.classList.add('correct');\r\n                            feedbackRight.hidden = false;\r\n                            feedbackWrong.hidden = true;\r\n                        } else {\r\n                            option.classList.add('incorrect');\r\n                            feedbackRight.hidden = true;\r\n                            feedbackWrong.hidden = false;\r\n                        }\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Hide select feedback\r\n                        feedbackSelect.hidden = true;\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            });\r\n        });\r\n        <\/script>\r\n    \r\n    <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The correct answer is $\\boxed{\\text{D}}$.<\/p>\n<p>Sewer pipes are designed to carry a certain amount of wastewater. However, there are a number of factors that can cause the actual flow to be higher than the design flow. These factors include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low estimates of the average and maximum flows. When sewer pipes are designed, the engineers must estimate the average and maximum flows that the pipes will need to carry. If these estimates are too low, the pipes may not be able to handle the actual flow, and sewage may back up into homes and businesses.<\/li>\n<li>Large scale infiltration of storm water. Storm water is rainwater that runs off of streets and other surfaces. If this storm water enters the sewer system, it can increase the flow of wastewater in the pipes.<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected increase in population. If the population of a city increases, the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated also increases. If the sewer system is not designed to handle this increase in flow, sewage may back up into homes and businesses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To account for these factors, sewer pipes are designed with a certain amount of extra space. This extra space is called the &#8220;freeboard.&#8221; The freeboard is typically equal to one-fourth of the pipe diameter. This means that if a sewer pipe has a diameter of 12 inches, the freeboard will be 3 inches.<\/p>\n<p>The freeboard allows for the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low estimates of the average and maximum flows. If the actual flow is higher than the design flow, the freeboard will allow the wastewater to flow through the pipe without backing up.<\/li>\n<li>Large scale infiltration of storm water. If storm water enters the sewer system, the freeboard will allow the wastewater to flow through the pipe without backing up.<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected increase in <div class=\"youtube-subscribe-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCNHT8lW-JmLC68rjBfZhdkg?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"youtube-subscribe-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"youtube-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\">\r\n                  <div class=\"telegram-channel-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/pscnotes2025\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"telegram-channel-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"telegram-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\">\r\n                    <path fill=\"white\" d=\"M248,8C111,8,0,119,0,256s111,248,248,248s248-111,248-248S385,8,248,8z M362,177L320,367c-3,14-10,18-20,14l-56-41l-27,26 c-3,3-5,5-10,5l4-63L323,196c5-5-1-7-8-3l-98,62l-42-13c-9-3-10-9,2-14l162-63C351,160,365,164,362,177z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Join Our Telegram Channel\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>   <path d=\"M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Subscribe on YouTube\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div> population. If the population of a city increases, the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated also increases. The freeboard will allow the sewer system to handle this increase in flow without backing up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In conclusion, sewer pipes are designed with a certain amount of extra space to account for low estimates of the average and maximum flows, large scale infiltration of storm water, and unexpected increase in population. This extra space is called the &#8220;freeboard.&#8221; The freeboard is typically equal to one-fourth of the pipe diameter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Join Our Telegram Channel Subscribe on YouTube<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Join Our Telegram Channel Subscribe on YouTube\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MCQ and Quiz for Exams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-15T02:49:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rawan239\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above","og_description":"Join Our Telegram Channel Subscribe on YouTube","og_url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/","og_site_name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","article_published_time":"2024-04-15T02:49:17+00:00","author":"rawan239","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rawan239","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/","name":"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-04-15T02:49:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-15T02:49:17+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/frac34textth-or-frac14textth-extra-space-is-left-in-sewer-pipes-at-maximum-discharge-for-a-low-estimates-of-the-average-and-maximum-flows-b-large-scale-infi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"mcq","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/mcq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Civil engineering","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/mcq\/civil-engineering\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Waste water engineering","item":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/category\/mcq\/civil-engineering\/waste-water-engineering\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"$${\\frac{3}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ or $${\\frac{1}{4}^{{\\text{th}}}}$$ extra space is left in sewer pipes at maximum discharge for A. Low estimates of the average and maximum flows B. Large scale infiltration of storm water C. Unexpected increase in population D. All the above"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/","name":"MCQ and Quiz for Exams","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/5807dafeb27d2ec82344d6cbd6c3d209","name":"rawan239","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d97f17072bfa490596c8f78363955d55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d97f17072bfa490596c8f78363955d55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rawan239"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com"],"url":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/author\/rawan239\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7714"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7714\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}