{"id":18753,"date":"2024-04-15T05:30:24","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T05:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/?p=18753"},"modified":"2024-04-15T05:30:24","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T05:30:24","slug":"how-is-the-integral-mode-implemented-on-a-digital-controller-a-the-digital-controller-cannot-handle-integral-mode-b-the-error-is-divided-into-discrete-amounts-c-the-error-signal-is-summed-over-a-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/mcq\/how-is-the-integral-mode-implemented-on-a-digital-controller-a-the-digital-controller-cannot-handle-integral-mode-b-the-error-is-divided-into-discrete-amounts-c-the-error-signal-is-summed-over-a-d\/","title":{"rendered":"How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller? A. the digital controller cannot handle integral mode B. the error is divided into discrete amounts C. the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller D. All of the above E. None of the above"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n    <!-- Check if it's an AMP page -->\r\n            <!-- Non-AMP version -->\r\n        <div class=\"mcq-container\" data-quiz-id=\"quizState_6a9bbe7e0cb9b\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option1\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    the digital controller cannot handle integral mode                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option2\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    the error is divided into discrete amounts                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option3\" data-is-correct=\"true\">\r\n                    the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller                <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"option\" data-option-key=\"option4\" data-is-correct=\"false\">\r\n                    All of the above E. None of the above                <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n            <!-- Feedback messages for non-AMP -->\r\n            <div class=\"feedback\" data-feedback=\"wrong\">Answer is Right!<\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"feedback\" data-feedback=\"right\">Answer is Wrong!<\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <script>\r\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n            var containers = document.querySelectorAll('.mcq-container');\r\n\r\n            containers.forEach(function(container) {\r\n                var options = container.querySelectorAll('.option');\r\n                var feedbackSelect = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"select\"]');\r\n                var feedbackWrong = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"wrong\"]');\r\n                var feedbackRight = container.querySelector('[data-feedback=\"right\"]');\r\n\r\n                options.forEach(function(option) {\r\n                    option.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n                        var selectedOption = option.getAttribute('data-option-key');\r\n                        var isCorrect = option.getAttribute('data-is-correct') === 'true';\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Remove previous selections\r\n                        options.forEach(function(opt) {\r\n                            opt.classList.remove('correct', 'incorrect');\r\n                        });\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Add the correct\/incorrect class\r\n                        if (isCorrect) {\r\n                            option.classList.add('correct');\r\n                            feedbackRight.hidden = false;\r\n                            feedbackWrong.hidden = true;\r\n                        } else {\r\n                            option.classList.add('incorrect');\r\n                            feedbackRight.hidden = true;\r\n                            feedbackWrong.hidden = false;\r\n                        }\r\n\r\n                        \/\/ Hide select feedback\r\n                        feedbackSelect.hidden = true;\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            });\r\n        });\r\n        <\/script>\r\n    \r\n    <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The correct answer is C. The error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller.<\/p>\n<p>The integral mode of a controller is used to eliminate steady-state error. <div class=\"telegram-channel-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/pscnotes2025\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"telegram-channel-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"telegram-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\">\r\n                    <path fill=\"white\" d=\"M248,8C111,8,0,119,0,256s111,248,248,248s248-111,248-248S385,8,248,8z M362,177L320,367c-3,14-10,18-20,14l-56-41l-27,26 c-3,3-5,5-10,5l4-63L323,196c5-5-1-7-8-3l-98,62l-42-13c-9-3-10-9,2-14l162-63C351,160,365,164,362,177z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Join Our Telegram Channel\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div> It does this by integrating the error signal over time. This means that the integral mode will continue to add to the control signal as long as there is an error. This will eventually cause the error to reach zero, at which point the integral mode will stop adding to the control signal.<\/p>\n<p>On a digital controller, the integral mode is implemented by summing the error signal over a discrete time interval. This means that the error signal is sampled at regular intervals and the values are then summed. The result of this is a cumulative error signal that is used to calculate the <div class=\"youtube-subscribe-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCNHT8lW-JmLC68rjBfZhdkg?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"youtube-subscribe-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"youtube-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Subscribe on YouTube\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div> control signal.<\/p>\n<p>The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because digital controllers can handle integral mode. Option B is incorrect because the error is not divided into discrete amounts, it is summed. Option D is incorrect because not all of the above are correct. Option E is incorrect because the correct answer is C.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Join Our Telegram Channel Subscribe on YouTube<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[680],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller? 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