The correct answer is D. no article.
The Pope and the Queen of England are both unique individuals who hold specific positions. There is only one Pope at a time, and there is only one Queen of England at a time. Therefore, we do not use articles before their names.
If we were talking about a generic pope or queen, we would use an article. For example, we might say “I would recognize a pope if I saw him.” Or, we might say “I would recognize a queen if I saw her.”
However, in the context of the question, we are not talking about a generic pope or queen. We are talking about the specific Pope and the specific Queen of England. Therefore, we do not use articles.