With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider th

With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:

  • 1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organisation unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
  • 2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
  • 3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2022
Statement 1 is correct. The writ of Mandamus is a command from a superior court to a public official, body, corporation, or tribunal directing them to perform a public duty they are legally required to perform. It will not ordinarily lie against a private individual or organization unless they are performing a public function or are under a public duty imposed by statute or common law.
Statement 2 is incorrect. A writ of Mandamus can lie against a Government Company, especially when it is discharging a public function or duty. The nature of the duty determines whether Mandamus is applicable, not merely the classification as a ‘Company’. If a government company is entrusted with a statutory or public duty, Mandamus can be issued to enforce that duty.
Statement 3 is correct. The writ of Quo Warranto is issued to inquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office. Unlike other writs, any interested person, even if not personally aggrieved, can file a petition for Quo Warranto to prevent a person from holding an office they are not legally entitled to. This is a check against illegal usurpation of public office.
Writs are powerful tools issued by the Supreme Court (under Article 32) and High Courts (under Article 226) to protect fundamental rights and for other purposes. Mandamus compels performance of a public duty, and Quo Warranto questions the legality of holding a public office.
The other writs are Habeas Corpus (to produce a person illegally detained), Prohibition (to prevent a lower court/tribunal from exceeding jurisdiction), and Certiorari (to quash an order of a lower court/tribunal exceeding jurisdiction or violating principles of natural justice). High Courts have a wider scope for issuing writs compared to the Supreme Court, as they can issue them for the enforcement of fundamental rights *and* for any other legal right.