With reference to India’s decision to levy an equalization tax of 6% o

With reference to India’s decision to levy an equalization tax of 6% on online advertisement services offered by non-resident entities, which of the following statements is/are correct ?

  • 1. It is introduced as a part of the Income Tax Act.
  • 2. Non-resident entities that offer advertisement services in India can claim a tax credit in their home country under the “Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements”.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2018
Statement 1 is incorrect. The equalization levy (often referred to as ‘Google Tax’) was initially introduced in India by the Finance Act, 2016, as a separate levy on specified services received by a resident in India or a non-resident having a permanent establishment in India, from a non-resident service provider without a permanent establishment in India. It was *not* initially introduced as a part of the Income Tax Act, 1961, but as a distinct levy. Later, it was expanded and included within the Finance Act framework, but the initial introduction was separate.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs) are typically designed to address taxes on income. The equalization levy, as introduced, was a levy on the gross consideration for specified services, distinct from income tax. Whether it falls within the scope of specific DTAAs is complex and depends on the definition of ‘taxes covered’ in each treaty. Generally, standalone levies like the equalization levy are not automatically covered by DTAAs, and therefore, claiming a tax credit in the home country under standard DTAA provisions is unlikely or not straightforward.
– The equalization levy was introduced by the Finance Act, 2016, as a separate levy, not initially part of the Income Tax Act.
– DTAAs primarily cover income taxes and may not apply to levies like the equalization levy, making tax credit claims under DTAA unlikely.
– The levy targeted business models of digital companies where traditional nexus rules for taxation were not effective.
The equalization levy was expanded in Finance Act, 2020, to cover e-commerce operators and transactions, levied at 2% on gross consideration for e-commerce supply or services by a non-resident e-commerce operator. This further complicated its interaction with DTAAs.