The correct answer is C. Both 1 and 2.
The gender gap in literacy rate is the difference between the literacy rates of males and females. In 2011, the global gender gap in literacy rate was 16%, meaning that 16% more males were literate than females. This gap has been narrowing over time, and in 2015, it was down to 13%.
There are a number of factors that contribute to the gender gap in literacy rate. One factor is that girls are often less likely to be enrolled in school than boys. In 2015, 121 million girls were out of school, compared to 60 million boys. Another factor is that girls are more likely to drop out of school than boys. In 2015, 13% of girls were out of school due to dropping out, compared to 9% of boys.
There are a number of things that can be done to close the gender gap in literacy rate. One is to ensure that girls have access to quality education. This includes providing them with safe and supportive learning environments, and making sure that they have access to the same resources as boys. Another is to address the root causes of gender inequality, such as poverty and discrimination.
Closing the gender gap in literacy rate is essential for achieving gender equality and sustainable development. When girls and women are literate, they are more likely to be healthy, to have better jobs, and to participate in decision-making. They are also more likely to have healthy families and to raise their children to be literate.