Who propounded Kashmir Shaivism?

Who propounded Kashmir Shaivism?

Vasugupta
Abhinavagupta
Ramakantha
Ranganathacharya
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2024
Vasugupta propounded Kashmir Shaivism.
Vasugupta is traditionally considered the founder of the Spanda school of Kashmir Shaivism and is credited with receiving and compiling the Shiva Sutras, a foundational text of the tradition. Abhinavagupta was a later, but highly influential, philosopher who systematized the various schools of Kashmir Shaivism.
Kashmir Shaivism is a monistic idealist tradition that originated in the Kashmir Valley. Key figures include Vasugupta (credited with Shiva Sutras), Somananda, Utpaladeva, and Abhinavagupta (author of Tantraloka, a comprehensive treatise).