The correct answer is: D. 1, 2 and 4
The classical school of management is a theory of management that emphasizes the rational, systematic, and efficient design of organizations. The classical school emerged in the early 20th century, and its major proponents include Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber.
Taylor is best known for his work on scientific management, which focused on improving efficiency and productivity through the use of time and motion studies. Fayol is known for his work on administrative theory, which emphasized the importance of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Weber is known for his work on bureaucracy, which emphasized the importance of rules, regulations, and hierarchy.
Luther Gulick was an American political scientist who is considered one of the founders of public administration. He is best known for his work on the principles of organization, which he outlined in his book “Notes on the Theory of Organization.” Gulick’s principles of organization are still widely used today in both the public and private sectors.
The classical school of management has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring the human element of organizations. However, it remains an important foundation for modern management theory.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option A: 1, 2 and 3. This option is correct. Taylor, Fayol, and Barnard are all considered to be part of the classical school of management.
- Option B: 1, 3 and 4. This option is incorrect. Gulick is not considered to be part of the classical school of management.
- Option C: 2, 3 and 4. This option is incorrect. Barnard is not considered to be part of the classical school of management.
- Option D: 1, 2 and 4. This option is correct. Taylor, Fayol, and Gulick are all considered to be part of the classical school of management.