Who among the following used the term Industrial Revolution for the fi

Who among the following used the term Industrial Revolution for the first time in English to describe the changes that occurred in the British industrial development between 1760 and 1820 ?

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Friedrich Engels

Eric Hobsbawm

Arnold Toynbee

Georges Michelet

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2017

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Arnold Toynbee, a British historian and economist, is credited with using the term “Industrial Revolution” in English for the first time in a systematic and widely influential manner to describe the major economic and social changes in Britain between roughly 1760 and 1820. His lectures on the subject, delivered in 1880-81 and published posthumously as “Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England”, popularized the term in English academic circles. While the term had been used earlier by others (like Georges Michelet in French or Engels in German/English), Toynbee’s work defined the specific period and context commonly associated with the term in English historical scholarship.

Arnold Toynbee’s lectures and subsequent book (1884) were instrumental in establishing the concept and terminology of the “Industrial Revolution” in English historical discourse.

Friedrich Engels used the term in “The Condition of the Working Class in England” (1845). Georges Michelet, a French historian, is believed to have used the term in 1846 in his book “Le Peuple”. However, Toynbee’s work specifically focused on and popularized the term for the British context of the late 18th and early 19th centuries within English academia.

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