Who among the following scholars has conceptualized the Constitution o

Who among the following scholars has conceptualized the Constitution of India as a ‘seamless web’ ?

MV Pylee
DD Basu
Granville Austin
Subhash Kashyap
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2017
Granville Austin, a renowned American historian of the Indian Constitution, conceptualized the Constitution of India as a ‘seamless web’.
Austin used this term in his seminal work, “The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation,” to describe the interconnectedness of the Constitution’s various parts, particularly the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy. He argued that these two sections, often seen in tension, are in fact deeply intertwined and form the core of the Indian state’s social revolution.
Granville Austin’s work is considered authoritative on the making and working of the Indian Constitution. His other major work is “Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience”. MV Pylee, DD Basu, and Subhash Kashyap are also eminent Indian scholars on constitutional law, but the specific phrase ‘seamless web’ is most famously associated with Granville Austin.