Who among the following Mughal Emperors shifted emphasis from illustra

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Who among the following Mughal Emperors shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portrait?

Humayun
Akbar
Jahangir
Shah Jahan
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2019
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Emperor Jahangir (reigned 1605-1627) is widely considered the emperor who shifted the emphasis in Mughal painting from large-scale illustrated manuscripts (popular under Akbar) to individual portraits, album painting, and naturalistic studies of birds, animals, and plants. Jahangir was a keen connoisseur of art and favored realistic portraiture and detailed observation.
Jahangir’s reign marked a shift towards individual portraits and album painting in Mughal art.
Humayun brought Persian artists, laying the foundation. Akbar commissioned massive manuscript projects like the Hamzanama, employing a large number of artists and developing a distinct Mughal style blending Persian and Indian elements. While portraiture existed under Akbar, it gained unprecedented prominence and naturalism under Jahangir. Shah Jahan’s era saw refinement and formality, particularly in architectural illustration and court scenes.

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