Who among the following leaders is associated with the concept of part

Who among the following leaders is associated with the concept of party less democracy ?

J B Kripalani
Jayprakash Narayan
Acharya Narendra Dev
Vinoba Bhave
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2017
Jayprakash Narayan is strongly associated with the concept of party less democracy.
Jayprakash Narayan, often referred to as JP, advocated for ‘Nirdalaiya Loktantra’ or Partyless Democracy, believing that political parties distorted the democratic process and that true democracy could only flourish through empowered local communities and direct participation without party structures.
He propagated this idea extensively, particularly through his ‘Total Revolution’ movement in the 1970s, which aimed at fundamental social, economic, and political change in India, emphasizing popular participation and decentralization. While other leaders like Vinoba Bhave were associated with Sarvodaya which shares some philosophical ground, JP is the most prominent figure directly advocating for ‘partyless democracy’. J B Kripalani was a prominent Congress leader and later a critic of Nehru. Acharya Narendra Dev was a leading figure in the socialist movement.
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