Who among the following has explained the phenomenon of photo-electric

Who among the following has explained the phenomenon of photo-electric effect ?

Max Planck

Albert Einstein

Neils Bohr

Ernest Rutherford

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2019

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The phenomenon of the photo-electric effect, where electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light shines on it, was explained by Albert Einstein in 1905. He proposed that light energy is quantized into discrete packets called photons and that the energy of each photon is proportional to its frequency (E = hf, based on Planck’s work). This revolutionary idea successfully explained the observed characteristics of the photo-electric effect, such as the existence of a threshold frequency and the dependence of emitted electron energy on the frequency of light, not its intensity.

– Max Planck introduced the concept of energy quantization (quanta).
– Albert Einstein applied the concept of light quanta (photons) to explain the photo-electric effect.
– Niels Bohr developed the quantum model of the atom.
– Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus.

Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 specifically for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photo-electric effect. This work was crucial in the development of quantum mechanics.

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