Who among the following has described the medieval Indian postal syste

Who among the following has described the medieval Indian postal system as of two kinds-the horse-post called ‘Uluq’ and the foot-post called ‘Dawa’?

Al-Biruni
Duarte Barbosa
Ibn Battuta
Seydi Ali Reis
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2022
The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta, who visited India during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq in the 14th century, is well-known for his detailed descriptions of the Delhi Sultanate. In his travelogue, the ‘Rihla’, he specifically described the postal system employed by the Sultanate as being of two kinds: the horse-post called ‘Uluq’ and the foot-post called ‘Dawa’ or ‘Da’wa’.
Ibn Battuta’s ‘Rihla’ is a primary source for understanding the administrative systems, social life, and geography of the regions he visited, including the intricate postal system of the Delhi Sultanate.
The ‘Uluq’ system used horses and could deliver letters rapidly, while the ‘Dawa’ system relied on runners stationed at short intervals along the routes, allowing for faster delivery of urgent messages or goods over short distances. Both systems facilitated efficient communication and movement within the vast empire.
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