The correct answer is (d) Rajni Kothari.
Rajni Kothari was an Indian political scientist who is considered one of the most influential thinkers on Indian politics. He was a strong advocate of democracy and social justice, and he believed that the Directive Principles of State Policy were a key tool for bringing about social revolution in India.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are a set of principles that are enshrined in the Indian Constitution. They are not enforceable in court, but they are nevertheless considered to be fundamental to the governance of India. The Directive Principles are intended to guide the state in its efforts to promote the welfare of the people and to secure justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for all citizens.
Kothari argued that the Directive Principles were a powerful tool for bringing about social change. He believed that they could be used to promote economic development, social justice, and political equality. He also argued that the Directive Principles could be used to protect the environment and to promote sustainable development.
Kothari’s ideas about the Directive Principles have been influential in shaping Indian politics. His work has helped to shape the debate about the role of the state in promoting social change. His ideas have also been used to justify a number of government policies, including the Green Revolution and the Mandal Commission.
K.C. Wheare, Granville Austin, and Paul Brass are all respected scholars of Indian politics. However, they do not share Kothari’s view of the Directive Principles. Wheare and Austin argue that the Directive Principles are not legally binding and that they are therefore not a significant tool for bringing about social change. Brass argues that the Directive Principles have been used by the state to promote its own interests, rather than the interests of the people.
In conclusion, Rajni Kothari was a strong advocate of democracy and social justice, and he believed that the Directive Principles of State Policy were a key tool for bringing about social revolution in India. His ideas about the Directive Principles have been influential in shaping Indian politics.