Who among the following coined the terms 'Demand Polity' and 'Command

Who among the following coined the terms ‘Demand Polity’ and ‘Command Polity’ ?

Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph

Rajni Kothari

Sudipta Kaviraj

Paul Brass

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2016

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The terms ‘Demand Polity’ and ‘Command Polity’ were coined and extensively used by the American political scientists Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph in their studies of India. A ‘Command Polity’ describes a state apparatus primarily focused on control and extraction, characteristic of colonial or highly centralized regimes. A ‘Demand Polity’ emerges when political mobilization enables citizens to make demands on the state, characteristic of democratic systems.

– Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph are known for coining and using the terms ‘Demand Polity’ and ‘Command Polity’.
– These terms are used in the context of analyzing political systems, particularly in developing countries like India.

– Rajni Kothari is famous for his analysis of India’s party system, particularly the ‘Congress system’, and for founding the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS).
– Sudipta Kaviraj is known for his work on the state in India, nation-formation, and political discourse.
– Paul Brass is a leading scholar on ethnic conflict, riots, and collective violence, particularly in South Asia.

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