The correct answer is: Al-Biruni.
Al-Biruni was a Persian polymath who was born in Khwarazm in 973 CE. He was a mathematician, astronomer, physicist, geographer, alchemist, historian, linguist, and philosopher. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of the Islamic Golden Age.
Al-Biruni came to India at the instance of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in 1017 CE. He stayed in India for several years and wrote extensively about the country’s history, culture, and science. His most famous work on India is the Kitab al-Hind (Book of India).
Al-Biruni was a keen observer and a brilliant scientist. He made many important contributions to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, geography, and alchemy. He was also a gifted linguist and was fluent in several languages, including Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, and Greek.
Al-Biruni’s work on India is a valuable source of information about the country’s history and culture. It is also a testament to his intellectual brilliance and his wide-ranging interests.
The other options are incorrect because:
- AI-Masudi was an Arab historian who lived from 896 to 956 CE. He never came to India.
- Sulaiman was the son of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. He never came to India either.
- Abdul Haq was a 16th-century Indian scholar. He was not alive when Al-Biruni came to India.