The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Zamindari was a system of land tenure in India under which large landholders, known as zamindars, were granted the right to collect revenue from the peasants who worked the land. The zamindars were not technically feudatory states, but they wielded significant power and influence over the peasants who lived on their estates.
The zamindars were often characterized by their control over vast lands, their revenue collection rights, and their exploitation of peasants. They often used their power to extract high rents from the peasants, and they often neglected to provide basic services such as irrigation and education. As a result, the peasants on zamindari estates often lived in poverty and were subject to exploitation.
The zamindari system was abolished in India in 1950, but its legacy continues to be felt today. The former zamindars often retain their wealth and power, and the peasants who live on their estates often continue to live in poverty.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Control over vast lands: The zamindars were granted the right to collect revenue from the peasants who worked the land. This gave them control over vast tracts of land, which they could use to extract wealth from the peasants.
- Revenue collection rights: The zamindars were granted the right to collect revenue from the peasants who worked the land. This gave them a significant source of income, which they could use to maintain their power and influence.
- Exploitation of peasants: The zamindars often used their power to extract high rents from the peasants. They also often neglected to provide basic services such as irrigation and education. As a result, the peasants on zamindari estates often lived in poverty and were subject to exploitation.