The correct answer is (a) 2005.
The Disaster Management Act, 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide for effective management of disasters and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Act came into force on 22nd December, 2005.
The Act provides for the establishment of a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), a State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) and a District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) in each State and Union Territory. The NDMA is headed by the Prime Minister and the SDMA is headed by the Chief Minister of the State. The DDMA is headed by the District Collector.
The Act also provides for the constitution of a National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) in each State and Union Territory. The NDRF is headed by a Director General and the SDRF is headed by an Inspector General of Police.
The Act provides for the following measures for disaster management:
- Prevention of disasters
- Mitigation of disasters
- Preparedness for disasters
- Response to disasters
- Rehabilitation and reconstruction after disasters
The Act also provides for the following penalties for contravention of its provisions:
- Imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both.
- Imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, or with both.
- Imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or with fine which may extend to five lakh rupees, or with both.
The Act also provides for the following powers to the Central Government:
- To give directions to the State Governments and Union Territories
- To take over the management of any disaster
- To provide financial assistance to the State Governments and Union Territories
- To provide relief and rehabilitation to the affected persons
- To take any other measures which may be necessary for the effective implementation of the Act.