Which technique is based on compile-time program transformation for accessing remote data in a distributed-memory parallel system?

cache coherence scheme
computation migration
remote procedure call
message passing

The correct answer is C. remote procedure call.

A remote procedure call (RPC) is a programming technique that allows a computer program to request a service from a program located on another computer on a network without having to know the details of how the remote service is implemented.

RPC is based on the client-server model. The client program makes a request to the server program, which then executes the request and returns the result to the client.

RPC is a powerful technique for building distributed applications. It allows programs to be written as if they were all running on the same computer, even though they may be located on different computers on a network.

RPC is implemented using a variety of protocols, including SunRPC, DCE RPC, and CORBA.

Cache coherence is a technique for ensuring that multiple processors have a consistent view of shared data.

Computation migration is a technique for moving computation from one processor to another in order to improve performance.

Message passing is a technique for exchanging data between processes in a distributed system.

In conclusion, the correct answer is C. remote procedure call.