The correct answer is (b), Kerala.
Kerala is the only state in India that recorded a negative growth rate of population during 2001-2011. The state’s population growth rate declined from 1.4% in 2001 to 0.9% in 2011. This decline is attributed to a number of factors, including a decline in fertility rates, an increase in the number of women in the workforce, and an increase in the number of people moving out of the state.
Goa, Karnataka, and Nagaland all recorded positive growth rates of population during 2001-2011. Goa’s population growth rate was 1.3%, Karnataka’s was 1.2%, and Nagaland’s was 2.0%.
The decline in Kerala’s population growth rate is a positive development, as it indicates that the state is making progress in reducing poverty and improving the quality of life for its citizens. However, the state also faces a number of challenges, including an aging population and a shortage of skilled workers.