The correct answer is: a) Public Distribution System (PDS).
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a food security system in India that provides subsidized food grains to low-income households. The PDS was established in 1950 to ensure that all Indians have access to basic food items, and it is one of the largest food distribution systems in the world.
The PDS operates through a network of ration shops, which are government-run stores that sell food grains at subsidized prices. The prices of food grains are fixed by the government, and they are lower than the market prices. To be eligible for PDS benefits, households must be below the poverty line.
The PDS is a vital part of the Indian food security system, and it provides food to millions of people every day. However, the PDS has been criticized for its inefficiency and corruption. In recent years, the government has taken steps to reform the PDS, and it is hoped that these reforms will make the system more effective.
The other options are incorrect because they are not food security schemes.
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme is a school meal program that provides free or subsidized lunches to children in government and government-aided schools.
- Antyodaya Anna Yojana is a food security scheme that provides subsidized food grains to the poorest households in India.
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a program that provides early childhood care and education, nutrition, and health services to children under six years of age and their mothers.